Lecture 14: Artiodactyl and perissodactyl manus and hoof Flashcards
what bones make up the carpus (knee)
carpals
what bones make up the cannon
Metacarpals II, III and IV
what bones make up the fetlock
Metacarpal III + Phalanx I + proximal sesamoid bones
what bones make up the pastern
Phalanx I and II
what bones make up the hoof
Phalanx II and III, and distal sesamoid bones
characteristics of the carpal bones in cattle
1st carpal is absent, 2nd and 3rd fused
horse vs cattle large metacarpal (cannon bone)
horses: MC III
cattle: fusion of MC III + IV
horse vs cattle phalanxes (digits)
horses: 3rd digit present
cattle: 3rd and 4th present
what part of the manus/hoof lacks joints
cannon
what joints are found in the horse knee
radiocarpal + ulnocarpal
intercarpal
carpometacarpal
what joint is found in the fetlock
metacarpophalangeal
what joint is found in the pastern
proximal interphalangeal
what joint is found in the hoof
distal interphalangeal
what are the knee ligaments of a horse
red = collateral ligaments
yellow = intercarpal ligaments
green = accessory ligaments
purpose of collateral articular ligaments in equine knee
keep joint from bending side to side
in cattle, abaxial and axial ligaments refer to
abaxial = lateral ligaments
axial = internal ligaments
what tendon is this
where does it insert
deep digital flexor
Inserts: semilunar line of the solar surface of PIII
what tendon is this
where does it insert
lateral digital extensor
inserts: dorsal aspect of the proximal extremity of PI
what is this tendon, where does it insert
superficial digital flexor
inserts: lateral and medial eminences of PII
lateral and medial aspects of PI
what tendon is this, what is its origin and insertion
interosseous ‘muscle’
O: palmar carpal fascia
I: proximal to fetlock, splits into 2 bands that join the lateral regions of the proximal sesamoid bones and the lateral regions of PI
what tendon is enveloped by a synovial sheath
common digital extensor
what tendon is this
where does it insert
common digital extensor
inserts: external surfaces of lateral cartilages
proximal regions of PI, PII
extensor process of PIII
what ligament reinforces the tendon of the deep digital flexor?
check ligament
what are these ligaments, what are they apart of
distal sesamoid ligaments
–> part of passive stay apparatus
blue = medial oblique
yellow = straight
green = lateral oblique
what is the origin and insertion of the distal sesamoid ligaments
O: distal region of proxmial sesamoid bone
I: palmar region of proximal extremity of PII
what are these ligaments? what is their combined purpose?
annular ligaments
they reinforce joints and work as flexor retinacula
yellow = palmar annular lig. (covers palmar region of fetlock)
blue = proximal digital annular
green =distal digital annular (covers the deep digital flexor)
what tendons are these
digital extensors
light blue = medial tendon
middle = lateral tendon
red = lateral digital extensor
what tendons are these
digital flexors
red = superficial digital flexor
yellow = deep digital flexor
what is shown in purple
interosseous muslce
the manus and hoof of the horse are supplied by what arteries
median and collateral ulnar arteries
what arteries supply the hoof
medial and lateral digital arteries
a complete rupture of the _______ tendons leads to permanent flexion of the fetlock
extensor
complete rupture of the _______ tendons leads to permanent hyperextension of the fetlock
flexor tendons
