Lecture 14: Intro to Visceral NS

Question 1

where are somatic cell bodies found?

Answer 1

ventral horn

Question 2

where are sensory cell bodies found?

Answer 2

dorsal root ganglion

Question 3

Dorsal Rami innervate what muscle type

Answer 3

epaxial muscles

Question 3

Ventral Rami innervate what muscle type

Answer 3

hypaxial muscles

Question 3

what are epaxial muscles?

Answer 3

those found along the spine, the intrinsic muscles of the back and neck
they support the vertebral column and are a major part of locomotion
- ilocostalis
- longissimus
- transversospinalis

Question 4

what are hypaxial muscles?

Answer 4

muscles that function in LIMB movement and stability
- ex: trapezius, latissimus dorsi,l serratus dorsalis

Question 5

what is the most superficial epaxial muscle in the cervical (neck) region

Answer 5

semispinalis cervics

Question 6

where are somatic motor cell bodies found?

Answer 6

ventral horn

Question 7

where are sensory cell bodies found

Answer 7

dorsal root ganglion

Question 8

the dorsal and ventral roots are joined into the _____ spinal nerve

Answer 8

mixed

Question 9

what 3 visceral structures are present in the body wall

Answer 9

• sweat & sebaceous glands
• arrector pili muscles
• vasculature

Question 10

the lateral horn houses preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies from what spinal cord levels

Answer 10

T1-L4 only

Question 11

where are postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies contained?

Answer 11

paravertebral ganglion

Question 12

if postganglionic axons are going to innervate something in the body wall where does synapse occur

Answer 12

paravertebral ganglion

Question 13

where can PREganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system be found

Answer 13

ONLY from T1-L4 spinal cord levels

Question 14

where can POSTganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system be found

Answer 14

EVERY vertebral level
- thanks Cadua Equina

Question 15

the spinal cord ends in the _______

Answer 15

conus medullaris

Question 16

what is the name for the line up of all the paravertebral ganglia

Answer 16

sympathetic chain / trunk

Question 17

at what spinal cord levels do preganglionic sympathetic axons enter the sympathetic chain

Answer 17

T1-L4

Question 18

at what spinal cord levels are white ramus communicantes located

Answer 18

T1-L4

Question 19

where can preganglionic axons have synapse occur

Answer 19

1. paravertebral ganglion of that level
2. move cranially in the chain
3. move caudally in the chain
4. exit the chain so they can synapse in a prevertebral ganglion (located at the base of arteries)

Question 20

what levels of the sympathetic chain can postganglionic axons exit

Answer 20

at all levels

Question 21

what levels of the sympathetic chain can gray rami communicantes be found

Answer 21

every level

Question 22

is the spinal cord the same length as the vertebral column?

Answer 22

no it is shorter
- this is why spinal nerve levels and vertebral levels do not match in adult animals

Question 23

what structures can be found in paravertebral ganglion at EVERY level

Answer 23

1. somatic motor cell bodies in the ventral horn
2. visceral and somatic sensory cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion
3. postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies in the paravertebral ganglion
4. gray ramus communicans
5. connection to the paravertebral ganglion above and below

Question 24

what structures can be found in paravertebral ganglion from levels T1-L4

Answer 24

**preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies in the lateral horn
**white ramus communicans

Question 25

all paravertebral ganglia from the superior cervical ganglion to T5 are attached to ________ nerves

Answer 25

cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

Question 26

all paravertebral ganglia from T5-T6 are attached to _____ nerves

Answer 26

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 27

what 6 structures can be found attached to the T5 paravertebral ganglion

Answer 27

1. abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve
2. cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve
3. gray ramus
4. white ramus
5. connection to T4
6. connection to T6

***T5 is the only paravertebral ganglion with both a cardiopulmonary and abdominal pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 28

what structures are missing at vertebral levels caudal to L4?

Answer 28

• no lateral horn
  —> no preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
• no white ramus communicans

Question 29

what axons are found in each portion of the spinal nerve complex

Question 30

where is the one cell body for visceral pain found

Answer 30

dorsal root ganglion

Question 31

what pathway does visceral pain follow

Answer 31

sympathetic pathway

Question 32

what pathway does visceral non-pain follow

Answer 32

parasympathetic

Question 33

What does splanchnic mean

Answer 33

a visceral structure in the body cavity