Lecture 18: Heart + Some Lung

Question 1

what is the pericardium composed of

Answer 1

pleura
fibrous layer
parietal layer

Question 2

what is the name for the visceral layer of tissue surrounding the heart

Answer 2

epicardium - layer closest to heart

Question 3

the cranial vena cava brings blood from where to the right atrium

Answer 3

blood from the head, neck and forelimbs

Question 4

the caudal vena cava brings blood from where to the right atrium

Answer 4

blood from the thorax and all things caudal to it

Question 5

what valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 5

tricuspid (R. Atrioventricular valve)

Question 6

what valve is between the L. atrium and L. ventricle

Answer 6

Left Atrioventricular valve (bicuspid)

Question 7

what brings blood from the R. Ventricle to the right and left pulmonary arteries

Answer 7

pulmonary trunk

Question 8

what brings blood from the lungs to the L. atrium

Answer 8

R+L pulmonary veins

Question 9

what is the paraconal interventricular artery

Answer 9

a branch of the left coronary artery

Question 10

what is the embryological remnant of fetal heart circulation that forms a foramen ovale if it is not sealed all the way

Answer 10

Fossa Ovalis

Question 11

where are pectinate muscles found

Answer 11

right auricle
- has ridges of pectinate muscles that end at the crista terminalis

Question 12

what is the cristae terminalis

Answer 12

the boundary to the main compartment of the right atrium

Question 13

control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles, prevent back flow

Answer 13

atrioventricular valves

Question 14

structures that have 3 leaf-like shapes cusps that control blood flow from ventricles to higher pressure systems, also prevent backflow

Answer 14

aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves

Question 15

what valve has only 2 components, the septal and parietal

Answer 15

left atrioventricular

Question 16

what is the purpose of papillary muscles

Answer 16

they anchor and control the 3 atrioventricular cusps using tension in the chordae tendineae

Question 17

irregular muscle bands that are apparent in the interventricular wall of the ventricles

Answer 17

trabecula carneae

Question 18

One papillary muscle connects to ___ cusps and each cusp to ____ muscles

Answer 18

2 cusps, 2 muscles

Question 19

name for the ‘buldging’ of the right ventricular wall

Answer 19

conus arteriosis

Question 20

where do the coronary arteries originate

Answer 20

aortic semilunar valve

Question 21

what is the largest surface artery of the heart

Answer 21

left coronary artery

Question 22

what large artery separates the R & L ventricles (is found in the interventricular sulcus)

Answer 22

paraconal interventricular artery

Question 23

artery that is found in the atrioventricular sulcus

Answer 23

circumflex artery

Question 24

coronary blood is returned to the right atrium via the ??

Answer 24

coronary sinus

Question 25

what vein is found in the ATRIOventricular sulcus with the circumflex artery

Answer 25

great cardiac vein

Question 26

what tissue type is the aortic semilunar valve composed of

Answer 26

densely packed collagen and elastic fibers

Question 27

what tissue type is the pulmonary semilunar valve composed of

Answer 27

densely packed collagen core w/ endothelial lining on both sides

Question 28

fibrous skeleton (or rings) of the heart

Answer 28

formed from dense collagen that anchors muscle and supports the valves

Question 29

What specialized muscle fibers are involved in the conduction of cardiac contractions

Answer 29

1. Sinoatrial node - right atrial wall - contains pacemaker cells that rapidly depolarize
2. Atrioventricular node and bundle - the only path of propagation of APs b/w atria and ventricles
3. Purkinje fibers - from the apex, coordinate contraction along the ventricular walls

Question 30

how does the heart end up surrounded by a double layer of pericardium?

Answer 30

as heart grows/twists, it expands next to the pericardial sac, so it gets surrounded by a double layer of pericardium

Question 31

where is the sinoatrial node (SA node)

Answer 31

right atrial wall

Question 32

this serves as the only path of propagation of APs b/w atria and ventricles, which are otherwise separated by CT

Answer 32

AV node and bundle

Question 33

fibers from the apex that coordinate contraction along ventricular walls

Answer 33

Purkinje fibers

Question 34

what type of axons does the vagus nerve carry and where do they synapse

Question 35

what types of axons do the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve carry and where do they synapse

Question 36

two locations the great cardiac veins can be seen

Answer 36

in the interventricular sulcus w/ paraconal interventricular artery

in the atrioventricular sulcus w/ circumflex artery