Lecture 25: Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen

Question 1

functions of the liver

Answer 1

• metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fat
• forms bile
• destroys old RBCs
• (fat soluble) vitamins and iron storage

Question 2

what is bile needed for

Answer 2

the emulsification, absorption and digestion of fat

makes intestinal contents more alkaline

Question 3

what produces and releases bile into the intercellular space of the liver

Answer 3

hepatocytes

Question 4

what is contained in bile

Answer 4

detoxified waste, bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipids, bilirubin, electrolytes

Question 5

what structure supplies ~25% of the liver’s blood supply

Answer 5

hepatic artery (and its branches)

Question 6

what structure delivers blood drained from the abdominal digestive organs to the liver (~75% of liver’s blood supply)

Answer 6

the portal vein

Question 7

what structure delivers bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

Answer 7

bile duct

Question 8

what is the name for the portion of the lesser omentum that contains portal structures

Answer 8

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 9

where does the hepatic portal vein collect blood from

Answer 9

Gastroduodenal vein
Splenic vein

Question 10

where does the gastroduodenal vein collect blood from

Answer 10

craniopancreatico-duodenal vein (left lobe of pancrease and duodenum)

right gastroepiploic vein (greater curvature of stomach)

Question 11

where does the splenic vein collect blood from

Answer 11

left gastroepiploic vein (greater curvature of stomach)

pancreatics (right lobe of pancreas)

Question 12

the liver drains to the caudal vena cava via what

Answer 12

the hepatic veins

Question 13

functions of the gallbladder

Answer 13

• bile storage (from liver)
• concentration (removes water and electrolytes)
• release of bile into duodenum
• emulsification of fat

Question 14

what is cholecystokinin and what is its function

Answer 14

it is released by the duodenum and jejunum

causes gallbladder to contract and causes sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla (Oddi) to relax in order to release bile into the duodenum

Question 15

what ducts drain into the bile duct

Answer 15

hepatic and cystic

Question 16

what structure controls bile and pancreatic juice drainage

Answer 16

the sphincter of Oddi

Question 17

what happens when the sphincter of the bile duct is contracted

Answer 17

prevents bile from entering the duodenum so instead it flows up the cystic duct to the gallbladder for concentration and storage

Question 18

characteristics of the mucosa found within the gallbladder

Answer 18

simple columnar epithelium w/ short microvilli

Question 19

characteristics of the muscularis externa found within the gallbladder

Answer 19

multiple smooth muscle layers for peristalsis to empty bile from the gallbladder

Question 20

characteristics of the adventitia/serosa found within the gallbladder

Answer 20

dense CT adventitia anchors CT to the liver
serosa covers free surfaces

Question 21

what happens to bile in equine since they have no gallbladder

Answer 21

a widened bile duct delivers bile directly to duodenum

bile flows constantly

Question 22

2 glands of the pancreas

Answer 22

exocrine + endocrine

Question 23

purpose of pancreatic exocrine gland

Answer 23

produces digestive juice that goes into duodenum

**secreted through pancreatic acini

juice has enzymes that break down protein, carbs, fat

Question 24

purpose of pancreatic endocrine gland

Answer 24

pancreatic islets (scattered bw acini) serve as a source of insulin, glucagon and gastrin

Question 25

what is the largest lymphoid organ

Answer 25

spleen!

Question 26

functions of the spleen

Answer 26

• stores RBCs and platelets
• destroys old RBCs
• filters foreign particles, bacteria and phagocytic cells
• produces lymphocytes

Question 27

what allows the spleen to contract and relax rhythmically

Answer 27

the presence of many smooth muscle fibers

Question 28

what anastomosis present in pancreas blood flow?

Answer 28

anastomosis bw the celiac artery and cranial mesenteric artery

cranial + caudal pancreatico-duodenal

Question 29

what indicates the transition bw foregut and midgut derivaties

Answer 29

pancreatico duodenal anastomosis

Question 30

where does the spleen develop

Answer 30

in the dorsal mesogastrium

Question 31

pulp that constitutes 75% of spleen volume and contains all formed elements of circulating blood

Answer 31

red pulp

Question 32

what does red pulp contains

Answer 32

lots of macrophages in splenic cords

splenic sinuses that hemolyze damaged RBCs

Question 33

what does white pulp contain

Answer 33

white pulp makes up a quarter of the body’s lymphocytes that attack antigens circulating in blood