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SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR > MYCO & VIRULOGY L2 (Prelim- Subcutaneous & Cutaneous) > Flashcards

MYCO & VIRULOGY L2 (Prelim- Subcutaneous & Cutaneous) Flashcards

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1
Q

Infects outermost layer of skin or hair

A

Superficial mycoses

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2
Q

Causes patchy lesions/ scaling, dandruff, and prevalent during warm weather

A

Malassezia furfur

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3
Q

Appearance of an outer ring of a progressing infection

A

Malassezia furfur

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4
Q

Common sites of Malassezia furfur

A
  • face
  • chest
  • trunk
  • abdomen
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5
Q

Appearance of Malassezia furfur under KOH

A
  • “spaghetti and meatballs fungus”
  • budding yeasts
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6
Q

Positive for Malassezia furfur in wood lamp

A

Yellow fluorescence

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7
Q

Causative agent of “black piedra”

A

Piedraia hortae (Septate Dematiaceous)

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8
Q

Scalp hair infection, dark brown to black nodules that contain asci (saclike) structures and 8 ascospores

A

“black piedra” or Piedraia hortae (Septate Dematiaceous)

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9
Q

This is known as skin colonizer, warm loving, and usually found in tropical locations

A

Malassezia furfur

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10
Q

Also known as Tinea nigra

A

Hortaea werneckii

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11
Q

Also known as Tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

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12
Q

brown to black non scaly macules usually in palms and soles

A

Hortaea werneckii

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13
Q

Confused or misdiagnosed with malignant melanoma

A

Hortaea werneckii

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14
Q

Laboratory tests for Hortaea werneckii

A
  • Skin scrapings
  • 10-20% KOH
  • Hyphal elements w/ budding cells
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15
Q

Trichosporon spp. is also known as?

A

“white piedra”

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16
Q

Occurs in hair shaft, opportunistic systemic pathogens, associated with immunocompromised diseases

A

Trichosporon spp.

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17
Q

A Trichosporon spp. that is known to be a human pathogen

A

Trichosporon beigelii

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18
Q

A Trichosporon spp. that is a systemic disease (meningitis)

A

T. mucoides

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19
Q

A Trichosporon spp. that is a fatal disease in immunocompromised hosts

A

T. asahii

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20
Q

Enumerate the important organisms that belong to Superficial mycoses

A
  • Malassezia furfur - yeast
  • Piedraia hortae
  • Hortaea werneckii
  • Trichosporon spp.- yeast
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21
Q

This term is used to describe organisms that are able degrade keratin

A

Dermatophytes (usually cutaneous mycoses)

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22
Q

This term is used to describe organisms that cannot degrade keratin

A

Non-dermatophytes (usually mga superficial mycoses)

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23
Q

Utilizes keratin as source of nitrogen

A

Dermatophytes (Cutaneous mycoses)

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24
Q

Important Genera that belonged to Cutaneous Mycoses

A
  • Trichophyton - hair, skin, nails
  • Microsporum - hair and skin
  • Epidermophyton - skin and nails
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25
Q

Trichosporon spp. can be grown or cultured in?

A

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)

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26
Q

Other tests that can be performed on Trichosporon spp. are?

A
  • Carbohydrate fermentation
  • Potassium nitrate
  • Assimilation of sugars
  • Urease Test
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27
Q

Most common cause of infection and is anthropophilic

A

Trichophyton

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28
Q

Caused by Trichophyton and appears as ringworm of the groin, or “jock itch”

A

Tinea cruris

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29
Q

Caused by Trichophyton and appears as ringworm of the beard

A

Tinea barbae

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30
Q

Caused by Trichophyton and appears as ringworm of the body

A

Tinea corporis

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31
Q

Caused by Trichophyton and appears as ringworm on the nail

A

Tinea unguium

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32
Q

Caused by Trichophyton and appears as ringworm of the feet, or “athlete’s foot”

A

Tinea pedis

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33
Q

Caused by Trichophyton and appears as ringworm of the scalp and hair

A

Tinea capitis

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34
Q

Laboratory diagnosis for Trichophyton

A

Direct Detection Methods such as stain

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35
Q

This stain reveals hyaline septate hyphae or arthroconidia

A

Calcofluor white or potassium hydroxide

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36
Q

Spores that fill hairshaft

A

Endothrix

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37
Q

Spores that ensheath hair shaft

A

Ectothrix

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38
Q

A clinically significant Trichophyton that causes crusty lesions made up of dead epithelia. Has antler hyphae and white and wrinkled colony

A

T. schoenleinii

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38
Q

Other term for T. schoenleinii

A

“Tinea favosa”

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39
Q

A clinically significant Trichophyton that is a nail dermatophyte, slow growing and its microconidia appears clavate- or peg-shaped

A

T. rubrum

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39
Q

IDENTIFY THE TRICHOPHYTON
Colony:
i. white, granular, & fluffy varieties
ii. yellow in younger colonies

A

T. mentagrophytes

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39
Q

A clinically significant Trichophyton that infects the nails. Its microconidia appear grapelike or teardrop-shaped

A

T. mentagrophytes

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40
Q

A clinically significant Trichophyton that is a hair dermatophyte and is larger than other dermatophytes.

Its colony appears white, tan to yellow, or rust, suede-like to powdery

A

T. tonsurans

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41
Q

State the appearance of the microconidia and macroconidia of T. tonsurans

A

Microconidia- teardrop or club-shaped with flat bottoms

Macroconidia- balloon shaped

42
Q

IDENTIFY THE TRICHOPHYTON
Colony:
i. white downy - pink granular
ii. Young: reverse yellow
iii. Old: wine/red

43
Q

A clinically significant Trichophyton that has glabrous to velvety white colonies

A

T. verrucosum

43
Q

IDENTIFY THE TRICHOPHYTON
- Microconidia: large and teardrop-shaped
- Macroconidia: rare, rat-tail

A

T. verrucosum

43
Q

A clinically significant Trichophyton that is a hair dermatophyte and is chlamydoconidia (commonly aligned in chains)

A

T. violaceum

44
Q

Its macroconidia appear
- echinulate spindle-shaped
- thick-walled
- four or more septa

A

Microsporum spp.

44
Q

IDENTIFY THE TRICHOPHYTON
Colony:
i. Port wine to deep violet
ii. Heaped or flat with waxy
iii. Pigment may be lost on subculture

A

T. violaceum

45
Q

The appearance of Microsporum spp. microconidia

A
  • club-shaped
  • borne on hyphae
46
Q

Primary cause of tinea capitis. A low-grade superficial lesion, circular, scaly patches of alopecia and “black dot” ringworm

A

M. audouinii

47
Q

Aerial hyphae, appear velvety, powdery, glabrous, or cottony, vary in color (whitish-cinnamon brown)

A

Microsporum spp.

48
Q

Transmitted through infected hairs on caps, hats, combs

A

M. audouinii

49
Q

Appear as rare bizarre-shaped, and or Terminal chlamydospores microscopically

A

M. audouinii

50
Q

“Zoophilic“ pathogen of animals. Most common cause of ringworm in dogs

50
Q

Its colony appears
i. cottony white –salmon
ii. velvety aerial mycelium

A

M. audouinii

50
Q

IDENTIFY BASED ON THE FF. CHARACTERISTICS
Macroconidia:
- Tapering spiny distal ends

Colony:
- lemon-yellow or yellow-orange fringe

50
Q

M. audouinii positive test

A
  • (+) yellow-green under woods lamp
51
Q

Infection in hair & skin, free living in the soil (geophilic)

A

M. gypseum

51
Q

IDENTIFY
Microscopic appearance:
▪ Fusiform, thick-walled conidia
▪ Spindle-shaped but not as pointed as distal ends of M.canis

A

M. gypseum

51
Q

Test for M. canis

A
  • (+) Woods lamp
  • calcofluor white or potassium hydroxide
51
Q

IDENTIFY
Colony:
- powdery surface
- buff or cinnamon color
- undersurface is brownish

A

M. gypseum

52
Q

Common cause of tinea cruris and tinea pedis. Susceptible to cold and are slow growers

A

Epidermophyton spp.
(Epidermophyton floccosum)

53
Q

IDENTIFY
Microscopic appearance:
- thin-walled macroconidia
- Multiseptate
- Rounded tip

Colony:
- Olive green to khaki
- Dull orange-brown periphery

A

Epidermophyton spp.
(Epidermophyton floccosum)

54
Q

Traumatic implantation of foreign objects leading to fungus entry. These agents are commonly found in soil or decaying vegetation

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

55
Q

Chronic fungal infection. It is acquired through traumatic inoculation of organism, and appears as “Papule”

A

Chromoblastomycosis

55
Q

This is found at the site of trauma. Enlarges to form warty or tumorlike lesions, resembles cauliflower, and spreads through the lymphatic system

A

“Papule” in Chromoblastomycosis

56
Q

Also known as “verrucous dermatitis” or “chromomycosis”

A

Chromoblastomycosis

57
Q

Copper-colored, septate cells. Divide by binary fission and resemble “copper pennies”

A

Sclerotic bodies in Chromoblastomycosis

58
Q

What are the agents of Chromoblastomycosis

A
  • Cladophialophora carrionii
  • Fonsecaea pedrosoi
  • Phialophora verrucosa
58
Q

Sample for lab dx of Chromoblastomycosis

A

Scrapings from crusted lesion

59
Q

Appearance of Chromoblastomycosis in 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH)

A

“muriform cells” – aggregation of dark brown cells

60
Q

Molecular method used for Chromoblastomycosis

A

MALDI-TOF MS

60
Q

Darkly pigmented colonies, Gray – Olive black, Velvety or seudelike are the appearances of this organism when cultivated

A

Chromoblastomycosis

61
Q

Microscopically this appears with a sympodial arrangement of conidiophores.

The primary conidia gives rise to secondary conidia, and some conidia may appear similar to others spp. of fungi

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

61
Q

Microscopically this appears phaeoid, flask-shaped phialides, well developed collarette, and one-celled conidia oval

A

Phialophora verrucosa

62
Q

Microscopically this appears with sporulation with long chains of elliptical conidia, erect conidiophores, and fusiform, conidia

A

Cladophialophora carrionii

63
Q

Caused by darkly pigmented fungi. Distinguishable by phaeoid fungi

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

63
Q

Agents of Phaeohyphomycosis. Enumerate at least three.

A
  • Alternaria spp.
  • Bipolaris spp.
  • Cladophialophora spp.
  • Curvularia spp.
  • Exophiala spp.
64
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis can cause? (Enumerate at least three)

A
  • Phaeohyphomycotic cysts
  • Progressive soft tissue infection
  • Brain abscess
  • Sinusitis
  • Pulmonary infection
  • Systemic infection
65
Q

Methods to diagnose Phaeohyphomycosis

A
  1. Direct microscopic examination
  2. Histopathologic examination
  3. Stains:
    ✓ Fontana-Masson – detects
    melanization
    ✓ 10% Silver Nitrate
    ✓ Ammonium hydroxide
65
Q

This stains fungal elements brown-black in red background

A

Ammonium hydroxide

66
Q

Chain of large brown conidia. “Drumstick” appearance

A

Alternaria spp.

67
Q

IDENTIFY
- Septate hyphae
- Geniculate conidiophores – bent where conidia are attached
- Conidia are oblong to fusoid

A

Bipolaris spp.

68
Q

Appears as shield cells in wet mount

A

Cladophialophora spp.

69
Q

IDENTIFY
- Hyaline septate
- Conidiophores are geniculate
- Conidia:
✓ sympodial
✓ golden-brown
✓ central swollen cell

A

Curvularia spp.

70
Q

IDENTIFY
- Yeastlike cells
- Produced by annellides
- Conidiophores are cylindrical with tapered tip
- Conidia:
✓ clusters
✓ Round to oval

A

Exophiala spp.

70
Q

Chronic infection that arises at the site of inoculation
Characterized by:
- swelling
- exudate

A

Eumycotic Mycetomas

71
Q

Molecular method for Eumycotic Mycetomas

A

Amplification test for fungal DNA in sterile body fluids

71
Q

Causes mycetomas . Can be caused by bacteria or fungi and occur in tropical or subtropical areas

A

Eumycotic Mycetomas

72
Q

Stains used for lab dx of Eumycotic Mycetomas

A
  1. Hematoxylin- eosin
  2. Methenamine silver : appear black
  3. Fontana- Masson: pigmented hyphae
73
Q

The teleomorph term for Scedosporium boydii

A

Pseudoallescheria boydii

73
Q

Microscopically it appears to produce single oval conidia

A

Scedosporium boydii

73
Q

This forms “cleistothecia” containing ascospores and is homothallic

A

Pseudoallescheria boydii

73
Q

This is the ability of an organism to go sexual reproduction without a mate

A

Homothallic

74
Q

When cultured this is characterized to be a rapid grower, and appears to have white-dark gray colonies on Potato dextrose agar

A

Scedosporium boydii

75
Q

Granules of Scedosporium boydii

A

White mycetoma

76
Q

Microscopically, it appears unbranched, multiseptated conidiophore. Clusters of single-two-celled conidia, and has conidia at the tip of the conidiophore

A

Acremonium spp.

77
Q

The previous name of Acremonium spp.

A

Fusarium falciforme

78
Q

Granules of Acremonium spp.

A

White mycetoma

79
Q

Septate hyphae and has the most cases of mycetoma

A

Madurella spp.

80
Q

IDENTIFY
Microscopic appearance:
✓ Long tapering phialides
✓ Collarettes and sclerotia
✓ Granules: Black Mycetoma

A

Madurella spp.

81
Q

IDENTIFY
- Recovered from soil and decaying vegetation
- Most cases are associated with
gardening
- “Rose Handler’s Disease”

A

Sporothrix schenckii spp. complex

82
Q

Commonly manifest as
lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

A

Sporothrix schenckii spp. complex

83
Q

Appearance of Sporothrix schenckii spp. complex in direct examination

A

Small, cigar-shaped yeasts

83
Q

Dimorphic, examined at 22°C -37°C

A

Sporothrix schenckii spp. complex

83
Q

Appearance of Sporothrix schenckii spp. complex in microscopic examination

A

Rosette pattern conidia

SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR (39 decks)

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