CC2 LAB: Endocrinology (Quiz 3)

Question 1

Study of Hormones

Answer 1

ENDOCRINOLOGY

Question 2

GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY:

Answer 2

1. Regulatory: constancy of chemicals
2. Morphogenesis: Growth/Development
3. Integrative

Question 3

Released because of critical levels of ions/Nutrients

Answer 3

Humoral Stimulus

Question 4

Released caused by neural input

Answer 4

Neural Stimulus

Question 5

Released caused by another hormone

Answer 5

Hormonal Stimulus

Question 6

Release hormones to blood (by diffusion)

Answer 6

Endocrine glands

Question 7

Could be Strictly endocrine or organs that have hormone production as one of its function

Answer 7

Endocrine glands

Question 8

From the Greek word “Hormon” meaning

Answer 8

“to set in motion”

Question 9

Secreted by cells to extracellular fluid

Answer 9

Hormones

Question 10

Long distance chemical signals

Answer 10

Hormones

Question 11

Hormones regulate metabolic functions which provide changes in:

Answer 11

1. membrane permeability 2. stimulate protein
2. synthesis regulatory molecules
3. activate or deactivate enzyme
4. induce secretory activity 6. stimulate mitosis

Question 12

Action Categories: synthesize in one location

Answer 12

Endocrine

Question 13

Action Categories: synthesized in the endocrine cells

Answer 13

Paracrine, Autocrine & Juxtacrine

Question 14

Action Categories: released to lumen of gut, binds to cells of gut

Answer 14

Exocrine

Question 15

Action Categories: synthesized in neurons

Answer 15

Neurocrine

Question 16

Action Categories: synthesized in nerve endings

Answer 16

Neuroendocrine & Neurotransmission

Question 17

Action Categories:
Enters circulation and binds specific cells at distant site to elicit response

Answer 17

Endocrine

Question 18

Action Categories: Enters interstitial spaces and binds specific receptor in adjacent gland for its effect

Answer 18

Paracrine

Question 19

Action Categories: Enters interstitial space and binds specific receptor cell of the origin to autoregulate its function

Answer 19

Autocrine

Question 20

Action Categories: Remains associated with plasma membrane and acts on adjacent receptor by direct cell to cell

Answer 20

Juxtacrine

Question 21

Action Categories: moves to extracellular space, binds to receptors in nearby cells for its action

Answer 21

Neurocrine

Question 22

Action Categories: enters the circulation, interacts with receptor of cells of distant sites

Answer 22

Neuroendocrine

Question 23

Action Categories: crosses synapse and binds to receptors in another neuron affecting its action

Answer 23

Neurotransmission

Question 24

cyclal patterns of hormone release

Answer 24

Biorhythms

Question 25

Biorhythms types

Answer 25

1. Circadian/Diurnal 2. Infradian – occur over a period of time greater than 24hours 3. Ultradian – less than 1 day

Question 26

Hormone concentration is controlled by:

Answer 26

1. Rate of production/Synthesis 2. Efficiency of delivery 3. Metabolism

Question 27

Chemical Categories: Hydrophobic (non-water soluble)

Answer 27

Steroids

Question 28

Chemical Categories: Water soluble

Answer 28

Polypeptides

Question 29

Chemical Categories: Freely circulating

Answer 29

Amino Acid derived

Question 30

Example of Steroids

Answer 30

Cortisol Progesterone Estrogen Testosterone Aldosterone

Question 31

Example of Polypeptides

Answer 31

PTH Insulin LH FSH TSH TRH ACTH Prolactin GH Calcitonin

Question 32

Example of Amino Acid Derived

Answer 32

Epinephrine Norepinephrine T3 T4

Question 33

Chemical Categories: Bound to proteins

Answer 33

Amino Acid derived

Question 34

Chemical Categories: Circulate freely & Only when needed

Answer 34

Polypeptides

Question 35

Mechanism of Hormone Action

Answer 35

1. Cell Surface Receptors 2. Nuclear Receptors

Question 36

Interaction of hormones to target cells:

Answer 36

1. Permissiveness 2. Synergism 3. Antagonism

Question 37

hydrophobic, from cholesterol and needs a carrier protein

Answer 37

Steroids

Question 38

hydrophilic, no need of carrier and usually in low concentrations

Answer 38

Proteins

Question 39

when 1 hormone cannot exert its full effect without another hormone being present

Answer 39

Permissiveness

Question 40

more than one hormone produce same effects on target cells

Answer 40

Synergism

Question 41

one hormone opposes the action of another hormone

Answer 41

Antagonism

Question 42

Target Cell Specificity response depends on

Answer 42

1. Blood levels of hormones 2. number of receptors 3. Affinity of receptors to hormones