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SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR > ImmunoSero Lab (Midterms - Viral Hepatitis Serology) > Flashcards

ImmunoSero Lab (Midterms - Viral Hepatitis Serology) Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatitis testing for antibodies and antigens in patient sera can determine: VSIs

A
  1. Reponsible virus
  2. Stage of infection
  3. Immune status of patient
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2
Q

Most widely used test method for hepatitis testing

A

ELISA

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3
Q

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is a member of the family:

A

Picornaviridae

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4
Q

HAV epidemiology

A
  1. Transmission by fecal-oral route
  2. Fecal contamination of food or water
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5
Q

Infections for HAV may either be:

A

Symptomatic or Asymptomatic (usually in children)

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6
Q

HAV incubation period

A

10 - 50 days

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7
Q

Symptoms for HAV include: FAV FAM J

A

Fever, Anorexia, Vomiting
Fatigue, Abdominal Pain, Malaise
Jaundice

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8
Q

Symptoms for HAV are more severe in

A

pregnant women

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9
Q

Recover for HAV may occur in how many weeks

A

2-4 weeks

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10
Q

Mortality rate of HAV

A

0.1%; chronic disease rarely occurs

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11
Q

Inactivated vaccine for HAV which are recommended for travelers, drug abusers, and children was first developed in this year

A

1995

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12
Q

These levels are increased and peaks before jaundice occurs

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and especially Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

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13
Q

Other markers for HAV other than increased levels of ALT and AST

A

hyperbilirubinemia
decreased albumin
tea-colored urine
pale-colored stools

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14
Q

These are analyzed for an increase in anti-HAV antibodies

A

paired sera (acute collected at onset of symptoms and convalescent 3-4 weeks later)

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14
Q

This is considered diagnostic for acute infection with Hepatitis A

A

Higher titer of IgM compared to IgG

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15
Q

When are anti-HAV antibodies present?

A

onset of symptoms and for years afterward

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16
Q

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a ________________ double-stranded DNA

A

partially

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17
Q

HBV is a member of this family

A

Hepadnaviridae

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18
Q

Complete HBV virus that causes infection

A

Dane particle

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19
Q

Size of dane particle

A

42 nm

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20
Q

Transmission of HBV

A

Via mucous membranes (sexual contact)
Wounds contacting blood and body fluids
Parenterally

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21
Q

This occurs through transfusion of contaminated blood products, hemodialysis, intravenous drug use, contaminated needle sticks, tattooing, acupuncture, or ear piercing.

A

Parenteral infection

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22
Q

High-risk groups for HBV

A

Intravenous drug users
Men who have sex with men
Hemodialysis patients
Healthcare workers

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23
Q

Incubation period of HBV

A

50 - 180 days

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24
Q

Symptoms for HBV develop abruptly, it includes: FAV FM JA

A

Fever, Anorexia, Vomiting
Fatigue, Malaise
Jaundice, Anthralgia

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25
Q

Acute infection for HBV can last up to

A

6 months

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26
Q

Approx. how many of infected patients develop a chronic infection in which patients remain hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive?

A

5%

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27
Q

This happens when chronic infections are active and severe damage to the liver occurs.

A

Liver cirrhosis or
Hepatocellular carcinoma

28
Q

T or F.

Most chronic carriers shed virus

A

False. All

29
Q

This vaccine is recommended for healthcare workers

A

Recombinant HBV vaccine

30
Q

First marker that appears at the end of the incubation period of Hepatitis B

A

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

31
Q

The concentration of the surface antigen continues to rise and peaks about midway through the acute infection. Presence of this antigen indicates

A

infectivity

32
Q

Soon after HBsAg is detected in the blood, this antigen appears.

A

Hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)

33
Q

This peaks at about the same time as the surface antigen in Hepatitis B; this antigen disappears about 2/3 of the way through the acute infection phase

A

HBeAg

34
Q

What antigen is the next marker to appear after HBeAg?

A

Hepatitis B core (anti-HBC)

35
Q

Q1: This peaks at the end of the acute infection stage after HBsAg is no longer detectable and before antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) can be detected.

Q2: This period is reffered to as

A

Anti-Hbc
“core window’

36
Q

This antibody peaks a few weeks after the acute infection stage and disappears in about 6 months

A

anti-Hbc IgM antibody

37
Q

At the end of the acute stage, this begins to rise and peaks about 2-16 weeks later. The concentration of this antibody decreases slightly during a person’s lifetime but never disappears.

A

anti-HBe

38
Q

The last marker to appear in Hepatitis B. It appears at the end of the acute stage and the beginning of the recovery stage. Its concentration peaks, then plateaus during recovery and never disappears.

A

anti-HBs

39
Q

Presence of anti-HBs indicates

A

immunity

40
Q

Order

A

Surface > Earth > Core > hole with earth > surface

  1. HBsAg
  2. HBeAg
  3. Anti-HBc
  4. Anti-HBe
  5. Anti-HBs
41
Q

A single-stranded RNA virus and a member of the family Hepacivirus

A

Hepatitis C

42
Q

Epidemiology of Hepatitis C

A

Most common - parenteral
Less common - sexual & perinatal

43
Q

Incubation period for Hepatitis C

A

2-26 weeks

44
Q

Symptoms for acute infection of Hepatitis C

A

Asymptomatic or mild - nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, malaise, and jaundice

45
Q

This percentage of Hepatitis C become chronic, with ________________% leading to cirrhosis

A

50-80% become chronic
25% lead to cirrhosis

46
Q

Diagnostic for HCV infection

A

Anti-HCV

47
Q

T or F.

Anti-HCV IgM distinguishes acute and chronic disease because both IgM and IgG antibodies are detectable for years.

A

False. It does not distinguish

48
Q

In Hepatitis C testing, ELISA tests have false positive results, so the best test to use for diagnosis is

A

an immunoblot assay

49
Q

Unclassified, single-stranded RNA virus that requires HBsAg from HBV infection to replicate and infect host

A

Delta Hepatitis

50
Q

Epidemiology of Delta Hepatitis

A

Worldwide
Parenteral and transmucosal routes

51
Q

occurs when patients acquire HBV and HDV infections simultaneously

A

coinfection

52
Q

Occurs in patients with an established HBV infection who acquire HDV infection; it can occur and progress to chronic HBV/HDV infection

A

Superinfection

53
Q

This vaccination also prevents HDV

A

HBV vaccination

54
Q

Only patients positive with this antigen are tested for HDV

A

HBsAg

55
Q

First marker to appear in Delta Hepatitis, which is detectable about 1-4 days before symptoms start

A

HDV-Ag

56
Q

After HDV-Ag, this appears next followed by low levels of IgG anti-HDV

A

IgM anti-HDV

57
Q

Switch to high levels of IgG anti-HDV indicates

A

past HDV infection

58
Q

Condition in which the skin, whites of the eyes and mucous membranes turn yellow because of a high level of bilirubin.

A

Jaundice

59
Q

A yellow-orange bile pigment is due to

A

high level of bilirubin

60
Q

Condition in which your liver is scarred and permanently damaged

A

Liver cirrhosis

61
Q

Treatment for Hepatitis A and E

A

No treatment (self)

62
Q

Treatment for Hepatitis B

A

Alpha interferon
Peginterferon

63
Q

Treatment for Hepatitis C

A

Direct-acting antiviral drugs

64
Q

Treatment for Hepatitis D

A

Interferon

65
Q

Transmission is via eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water

A

Hepatitis A and E

66
Q

Transmission is via contact with the blood or bodily fluids of an infected person

A

Hepatitis B

67
Q

Transmission is via blood-to-blood contact

A

Hepatitis C

68
Q

Transmission is via contact with infected blood which only occurs in people already infected with Hepatitis B

A

Hepatitis D

SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR (39 decks)

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