CC2 Lec Prelim Flashcards
Post Quizzes & Long Quizzes
This is in charge of the Osmotic pressure of the blood:
a. Sodium
b. Urea
c. Albumin
d. Chloride
a. Sodium
Daily obligatory water losses to be compensated:
a. 1000ml
b. 1500ml
c. 2000ml
d. 500ml
b. 1500ml
In Overnight Water Department Testing, patients with ADH deficiency would
show:
a. decreasing serum osmolality and increasing urine osmolality
b. decreasing serum osmolality and urine osmolality
c. increasing serum osmolality and urine osmolality
d. increasing serum osmolality and decreasing urine osmolality
d. increasing serum osmolality and decreasing urine osmolality
The most accurate way of doing renal clearance testing is to use this
exogenous substance.
a. creatinine
b. insulin
c. para-aminohippurate
d. inulin
d. inulin
An increase in the level of this electrolyte can paralyze the heart.
a. Potassium
b. Calcium
c. Sodium
d. Chloride
a. Potassium
These 2 ions are regulated by the same hormones, and are their blood levels
are usually inversely proportional to each other.
a. iron & magnesium
b. sodium & potassium
c. calcium & phosphorous
d. zinc & copper
c. calcium & phosphorous
Effects of Alcohol on electrolytes
a. decreases their blood levels
b. normalizes their blood levels
c. variable effects
d. increases their blood levels
a. decreases their blood levels
A component of the thyroid hormone:
a. iodide
b. cobalt
c. nickel
d. selenium
a. iodide
This specimen for Chloride testing is useful for Cystic FIbrosis Disorder.
a. sweat
b. blood
c. cerebrospinal fluid
d. Urine
a. sweat
A deficiency of these ions could lead to the development of anemia:
a. Iron
b. Copper
c. Cobalt
d. Zinc
e. Nickel
f. All of the above
f. All of the above
Urine/Serum Osmol Ratio of patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency.
a. >1 mEq/L
b. <1.2mEq/L
c. <20mEq/L
d. >20mEq/L
c. <20mEq/L
The countercurrent ion of sodium is:
a. Chloride
b. Magnesium
c. Potassium
d. Calcium
c. Potassium
Alcoholism will give the following effects EXCEPT:
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypochloremia
c. Hyponatremia
d. Hypernatremia
b. Hypochloremia
Alcoholism will give the following effects:
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hyponatremia
c. Hypernatremia
d. All of the Above
d. All of the Above
In preparing 75% v/v ethanol, how much distilled WATER is needed to make a total of 500mL solution?
a. 375mL
b. 125ml
c. 462.5ml
d. 37.5ml
b. 125ml
In which computation do you use this formula?
Urine Na x Plasma Crt
—————————– x 100
Urine Crt x Plasma Ca
a. Fractional Sodium Excretion
b. Anion Gap
c. Creatinine Clearance Test
d. Serum osmolality
a. Fractional Sodium Excretion
Sample of choice for Potassium determination:
a. heparinized plasma
b. serum
c. oxalated plasma
d. citrated plasma
a. Heparinized plasma
Due to intracellular and extracellular concentration difference of this electrolyte, a hemolyzed serum specimen causes a false increase in:
a. Chloride
b. Sodium
c. Iron
d. Potassium
d. Potassium
Volumetric Pipets
a. To Contain
Pipets
b. To Deliver Blow-out Pipets.
c. To Deliver Non-Blow-out Pipets
d. None of the Above
c. To Deliver Non-Blow-out Pipets
What is the pH for a 0.05M solution of hydrochloric acid?
a. 1.3
b. 1.0
c. 0.3
d. 5
a. 1.3
This sample lowers sodium levels:
a. citrated plasma
b. oxalated plasma
c. serum
d. heparinized plasma
b. oxalated plasma
A value of ___ of Delta osmolality suggests a poor prognosis for the
patient.
a. >20mOsmol/kgH2O
b. >40mOsmol/kgH2O
c. <20mOsmol/kgH2O
d. <40mOsmol/kgH2O
b. >40mOsmol/kgH2O
How much serum do you need to make 250 mL of a 1:10 dilution of serum in saline?
a. 25g
b. 10ml
c. 250ml
d. 25ml
d. 25 ml
On which computation do you use this formula?
glucose bun.
2 Na + ---------- + ---------
20 3
a. Renal Failure Index
b. Serum osmolality
c. Fractional Sodium Excretion
d. Anion Gap
b. Serum osmolality
Effect of high serum glucose to serum sodium concentration:
a. Decreased sodium
b. No effect
c. Variable
d. Increased sodium
a. Decreased sodium
In Typhoid Fever tittering of Antigen, how should the serial dilution be
interpreted?
a. recovery from the disease will show turbidity in all tubes
b. severity of the disease will show turbidity towards the most concentrated
mixture
c. recovery from the disease will show turbidity only in the least concentrated mixture
d. severity of the disease will show turbidity towards the least concentrated mixture
d. severity of the disease will show turbidity towards the least concentrated
mixture
A potassium determination revealed a result of 5.8mmol/L. However, the Med Tech on duty noticed that the sample he used has some blood clots at the bottom of the tube. Determine the patient’s actual potassium level:
a. hyperkalemia
b. most likely normal
c. cannot be determined
d. hypokalemia
b. most likely normal
The electrolyte that greatly affects cardiac muscle activity is:
a. Magnesium
b. Calcium
c. Potassium
d. Sodium
c. Potassium
Albanese-Lein test involves combining sodium with ___.
a. diamine dihyrochloride
b. naphthylamidase
c. acyl β naphthylamide
d. zinc uranyl acetate ethylene
d. zinc uranyl acetate ethylene
This statement is NOT TRUE regarding the measurement of chloride by the Ion-selective Electrode method:
a. it selectively admits all halogen ions
b. most common method employed in the United States
c. Bromide can cause interference
d. It is a coulometric-amperometric method
d. It is a coulometric-amperometric method
When do you use this formula?
Urine Na ÷ Urine Crt/ Plasma Crt
a. Serum osmolality
b. Fractional Sodium Excretion
c. Renal Failure Index
d. Inulin Clearance Test
c. Renal Failure Index
Which statement refers to the effect of acidosis on potassium:
a. hydrogen ions tend to be secreted in preference to the potassium resulting in hyperkalemia.
b. hydrogen ions tend to be secreted in preference to the potassium resulting in hypokalemia.
c. fewer hydrogen ions are available for excretion, thus potassium secretion is favored
d. fewer hydrogen ions are available for excretion; as a result equal potassium ion secretion
a. hydrogen ions tend to be secreted in preference to the potassium resulting in hyperkalemia.
Normal Values: potassium
a. 3.8-5.5 mmol/L
b. 98 to 108 mmol/L
c. 8.5 to 10.4 mg/dL
d. 135-145 mmol/L
a. 3.8-5.5 mmol/L
Normal Values: sodium
a. 3.8-5.5 mmol/L
b. 98 to 108 mmol/L
c. 8.5 to 10.4 mg/dL
d. 135-145 mmol/L
d. 135-145 mmol/L
Normal Values: chloride
a. 3.8-5.5 mmol/L
b. 98 to 108 mmol/L
c. 8.5 to 10.4 mg/dL
d. 135-145 mmol/L
b. 98 to 108 mmol/L
Ion-selective electrodes, membrane composition: Chloride
a. Glass
b. Valinomycin
c. Plastic
d. Silver sulfide
d. Silver sulfide
Ion-selective electrodes, membrane composition: Sodium
a. Glass
b. Valinomycin
c. Plastic
d. Silver sulfide
a. Glass
Ion-selective electrodes, membrane composition: Potassium
a. Glass
b. Valinomycin
c. Plastic
d. Silver sulfide
b. Valinomycin
Functions of Electrolytes: Activators in enzyme reactions
a. Fe
b. HCO3
c. Mg
d. sodium
c. Mg
Functions of Electrolytes:
Buffering functions
a. Fe
b. HCO3
c. Mg
d. sodium
b. HCO3
Functions of Electrolytes:
Maintenance of osmotic pressure and hydration
a. Fe
b. HCO3
c. Mg
d. sodium
d. sodium
Reference Values:
Anion Gap without potassium
a. 1-3
b. 7-14 mmol/L
c. 10-18 mmol/L
d. 110-130 mmol/L
b. 7-14 mmol/L
Reference Values:
Renal threshold for sodium
a. 1-3
b. 7-14 mmol/L
c. 10-18 mmol/L
d. 110-130 mmol/L
d. 110-130 mmol/L
Reference Values:
Urine/Serum
a. 1-3
b. 7-14 mmol/L
c. 10-18 mmol/L
d. 110-130 mmol/L
a. 1-3
Reference Values:
Osmol Ratio Anion Gap with potassium
a. 1-3
b. 7-14 mmol/L
c. 10-18 mmol/L
d. 110-130 mmol/L
c. 10-18 mmol/L
In the Dye-Lake method for Magnesium the product formed is colored:
a. yellow
b. blue violet
c. red
d. violet
c. red
Regulation of Calcium: hydroxylation in the liver and kidney
a. Parathyroid Hormone
b. Calcitonin
c. Activated Vitamin D3
c. Activated Vitamin D3
Regulation of Calcium: cells of the thyroid gland
a. Parathyroid Hormone
b. Calcitonin
c. Activated Vitamin D3
b. Calcitonin
Regulation of Calcium: parathyroid glands
a. Parathyroid Hormone
b. Calcitonin
c. Activated Vitamin D3
a. Parathyroid Hormone
This measures the light emitted by single atoms burned:
a. Spectrophotometer
b. Fluorometer
c. Atomic absorption photometer
d. Flame photometer
d. flame photometer
It is an electrochemical titration in which the titrant is electrochemically generated
a. conductometry
b. osmometry
c. coulometry
d. electrochemistry
d. electrochemistry
This type of chromatography uses the so-called lock-and-key binding that is widely present in biological systems:
a. Affinity chromatography
b. Partition (liquid-liquid) chromatography
c. Adsorption (liquid-solid) chromatography
d. Size-exclusion chromatography
a. Affinity chromatography
This method provides an accurate measure of the time of the current flow or, when properly calibrated, can give a direct read out of the chloride concentration.
a. Zall color reaction
b. flame photometry
c. chloridometer or Cotlove titrator
d. Iontophoresis
c. chloridometer or Cotlove titrator
A wetting agent used to prevent precipitation of proteins.
A) Tween 80
B) xanthine oxidase
C) peroxidase
A) Tween 80
In the enzymatic method to measure phosphates, this converts water to H2O2.
A) Tween 80
B) xanthine oxidase
C) peroxidase
B) xanthine oxidase
Normal Values: Ionized
Calcium
a. 3.8-5.5 mmol/L
b. 98 to 108 mmol/L
c. 8.5 to 10.4 mg/dL
d. 4.68-5.32 mg/dl
d. 4.68-5.32 mg/dl
Normal Values: potassium
a. 3.8-5.5 mmol/L
b. 98 to 108 mmol/L
c. 8.5 to 10.4 mg/dL
d. 4.68-5.32 mg/dl
a. 3.8-5.5 mmol/L
Normal Values: serum chloride
a. 3.8-5.5 mmol/L
b. 98 to 108 mmol/L
c. 8.5 to 10.4 mg/dL
d. 4.68-5.32 mg/dl
b. 98 to 108 mmol/L
The shorter the wavelength, the ________the frequency
a. lower
b. closer
c. higher
d. farther
c. higher
Which of the following matches is (are) correct? 1. Chloride Whitehorn titration
2. Calcium-o cresolphthalein comlexone
3. Potassium-Lockhead and Purcell
4. Sodium - Fiske Subbarow
a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 , 2 , 3 and 4
c. 2 , 3 and 4
d. 1 , 3 and 4
a. 1, 2 and 3
In the Calgamite dye, the reagent used contains amphoteric betaine detergent _______ to shift the wavelength of the blank, a _______ to mask the effects of calcium, and _______to mask the effects of iron.
a. strontium chelate – triethanolamine - Empigen BB
b. Empigen BB - strontium chelate - triethanolamine
c. strontium chelate – Empigen BB - triethanolamine
d. triethanolamine - Empigen BB - strontium chelate
b. Empigen BB - strontium chelate - triethanolamine
Component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase
a. selenium
b. iodine
c. nickel
d. chromium
a. selenium
a component of the thyroid hormones
a. selenium
b. iodine
c. nickel
d. chromium
b. iodine
stabilizes the nucleic acid structure
a. selenium
b. iodine
c. nickel
d. chromium
c. nickel
helps maintain the normal insulin response to a glucose load
a. selenium
b. iodine
c. nickel
d. chromium
d. chromium
A 25 y.o female patient has the following test results: TIBC 275 µg/dL; serum iron 55 µg/dL. Interpret the % transferrin saturation for her age & gender?
a. increased
b. decreased
c. normal
c. normal
It is the measurement of the electrical current at a single applied potential
a. amperometry
b. densitometry
c. scintillation counter
d. electrophoresis
a. amperometry
In this instrument, chemicals are used to convert their energy into light energy.
a. amperometry
b. densitometry
c. scintillation counter
d. electrophoresis
c. scintillation counter
contained in Vitamin B12
a. zinc
b. copper
c. cobalt
d. iron
c. cobalt
wound healing and sensory perception
a. zinc
b. copper
c. cobalt
d. iron
a. zinc
incorporated with ferritin
and hemosiderin
a. zinc
b. copper
c. cobalt
d. iron
d. iron
bound to ceruloplasmin
necessary for the absorption of iron
a. zinc
b. copper
c. cobalt
d. iron
b. copper
The Fiske-Subbarow method, involves conversion of the inorganic phosphate in the sample into the ______blue by a reaction with ________ and the reducing agent, _______(pictol). A protein-free filtrate is prepared using ___ _____.
a. ammonium molybdate - aminonaphthol sulfonic acid - heteromolybdenum - trichloroacetic acid
b. aminonaphthol sulfonic acid - heteromolybdenum - ammonium molybdate - trichloroacetic acid
c. heteromolybdenum -ammonium molybdate - aminonaphthol sulfonic acid - trichloroacetic acid
c. heteromolybdenum -ammonium molybdate - aminonaphthol sulfonic acid - trichloroacetic acid
Acute alcoholism leads to the following EXCEPT:
a. hypermagnesemia
b. hypokalemia
c. hyponatremia
a. hypermagnesemia
During metabolic acidosis, the following occurs EXCEPT:
a. hyperchloremia
b. chloride shift
c. decreased bicarbonate
d. hypochloremia
a. hyperchloremia
This is NOT included in the measurement of chloride by the Ion selective Electrode method:
a. most common method employed in the United States
b. it selectively admits all halogen ions
c. the membrane is a composite of silver sulfide and silver chloride
d. addition of Bromide accelerates the process
a. most common method employed in the United States
It is the flow of energy through space at the speed of light:
a. Wavelength of light
b. Frequency
c. Bioluminescence
d. Electromagnetic radiation
d. Electromagnetic radiation
Vitamin D is necessary in the absorption of:
a. Sodium and potassium
b. Phosphorus
c. Calcium
d. Protein
c. Calcium
The O-cresolphthalein complexone method is a test for:
a. Calcium
b. Chloride
c. Potassium
d. Phosphate
a. Calcium
This form of iron is found in oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin
a. Ferrous iron
b. Ferric iron
c. Ferrous sulfate
d. Ferrous phosphatase
a. Ferrous iron
Normal Ranges: iron for women
a. 45 to 160 µg/dL (8.1-28.6µmol/L)
b. 120-300 µg/dL
c. 20-70 µ/dL
d. 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L or 0.65 to 1.05 mmol/L
a. 45 to 160 µg/dL (8.1-28.6µmol/L)
Normal Ranges: Infants’ copper
a. 45 to 160 µg/dL (8.1-28.6µmol/L)
b. 120-300 µg/dL
c. 20-70 µ/dL
d. 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L or 0.65 to 1.05 mmol/L
c. 20-70 µ/dL
Normal Ranges: magnesium
a. 45 to 160 µg/dL (8.1-28.6µmol/L)
b. 120-300 µg/dL
c. 20-70 µ/dL
d. 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L or 0.65 to 1.05 mmol/L
d. 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L or 0.65 to 1.05 mmol/L
Normal Ranges: Pregnant women copper
a. 45 to 160 µg/dL (8.1-28.6µmol/L)
b. 120-300 µg/dL
c. 20-70 µ/dL
d. 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L or 0.65 to 1.05 mmol/L
b. 120-300 µg/dL
Core Components of Automated Chemistry Analyzer during Analytic Processing EXCEPT:
a. Mixing & Incubation
b. Sampling
c. Storage & Reefrigeration
d. Reagent Handling
c. Storage & Reefrigeration
Current is ______ to the solution conductivity, which is in turn is _______ to its impedance.
a. inversely proportional; directly proportional
b. directly proportional; directly proportional
c. directly proportional; inversely proportional
d. inversely proportional; inversely proportional
c. directly proportional; inversely proportional
This is now limited to analysis of metals such as lead in specialized
toxicology laboratories:
a. Flame photometry
b. Spectrophotometry
c. Fluorometry
d. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
d. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
This is used to correct non-specific absorbance of other substances in the sample:
a. Standard Solution
b. Control Solution
c. Sample Blank
d. Reagent Blank
c. Sample Blank
A 3y.o. patient’s test for serum copper has a result of 100µg/dL. How much is his serum copper level in µmol/L?
a. 0.157 µmol/L
b. 1.57 µmol/L
c. 15.7 µmol/L
d. 1.157 µmol/L
c. 15.7 µmol/L
Precipitation of calcium as an insoluble compound in Clark-Collip uses:
a. Picrolonic acid
b. Nitric Acid
c. Chloranilic acid
d. Ammonium oxalate
d. Ammonium oxalate
Types of transducers most widely used in biosensor technology,
based on changes in: heat
a. luminescent
b. piezoelectric
c. calorimetric
d. fluorescent
c. calorimetric
Types of transducers most widely used in biosensor technology,
based on changes in: mass
a. luminescent
b. piezoelectric
c. calorimetric
d. fluorescent
b. piezoelectric
Normal Value:
TIBC
a. 65 to 165 µg/dL (11.6-29.5 µmol/L)
b. 1 to 4 µg/dL (17-70 nmol/L)
c. 20-50%
d. 260 to 440 µg/dL (46.5- 78.8 µmol/L)
e. 70-150 µg/dL (10-23 µmol/L
d. 260 to 440 µg/dL (46.5- 78.8 µmol/L)
Normal Value:
Transferrin Saturation
a. 65 to 165 µg/dL (11.6-29.5 µmol/L)
b. 1 to 4 µg/dL (17-70 nmol/L)
c. 20-50%
d. 260 to 440 µg/dL (46.5- 78.8 µmol/L)
e. 70-150 µg/dL (10-23 µmol/L
c. 20-50%
Normal Value:
Plasma Zinc
a. 65 to 165 µg/dL (11.6-29.5 µmol/L)
b. 1 to 4 µg/dL (17-70 nmol/L)
c. 20-50%
d. 260 to 440 µg/dL (46.5- 78.8 µmol/L)
e. 70-150 µg/dL (10-23 µmol/L
e. 70-150 µg/dL (10-23 µmol/L
Normal Value:
Iron for Men
a. 65 to 165 µg/dL (11.6-29.5 µmol/L)
b. 1 to 4 µg/dL (17-70 nmol/L)
c. 20-50%
d. 260 to 440 µg/dL (46.5- 78.8 µmol/L)
e. 70-150 µg/dL (10-23 µmol/L
a. 65 to 165 µg/dL (11.6-29.5 µmol/L)
Normal Value:
Nickel
a. 65 to 165 µg/dL (11.6-29.5 µmol/L)
b. 1 to 4 µg/dL (17-70 nmol/L)
c. 20-50%
d. 260 to 440 µg/dL (46.5- 78.8 µmol/L)
e. 70-150 µg/dL (10-23 µmol/L
b. 1 to 4 µg/dL (17-70 nmol/L)
This specimen for Chloride testing is useful for Cystic FIbrosis Disorder
a. sweat
b. blood
c. Urine
d. cerebrospinal fluid
a. sweat
Effects of Alcohol on electrolytes
a. increases their blood levels
b. variable effects
c. decreases their blood levels
d. normalizes their blood levels
c. decreases their blood levels
A component of the thyroid hormone:
a. iodide
b. selenium
c. cobalt
d. nickel
a. iodide
