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SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR > MYCO & VIROLOGY L7 (Semis- GIT Virus) > Flashcards

MYCO & VIROLOGY L7 (Semis- GIT Virus) Flashcards

1
Q

Most important cause of gastroenteritis among
infants and children (<2yrs old)

A

Rotavirus

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2
Q

All RNA viruses are single-stranded EXCEPT?

A

Retoviridae

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3
Q

Virus family of Rotavirus

A

Reoviridae

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4
Q

Double-stranded RNA (dsDNA) icosahedral non-enveloped

A

Rotavirus (Retoviridae)

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4
Q

The most frequent human pathogen

A

Group A rotavirus

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5
Q

Major cause of diarrheal illness in human infants and young animals, including calves and piglets

A

Rotavirus (Retoviridae)

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6
Q

How many species of Rotaviruses?

A

Five species (A-E)

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7
Q

How many tentative species of Rotavirus?

A

Two tentative species (F & G)

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8
Q

The only group of Rotavirus that causes human disease

A

Group A

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9
Q

Rotaviruses infect cells in the ___________ (gastric and colonic mucosa are spared) and multiply into cytoplasm

A

villi of the small intestine

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9
Q

Carry epitopes important in neutralizing acitivity

A

VP4 & VP7

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9
Q

The glycoprotein being the predominant antigen

A

VP7

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10
Q

Have been implicated in large outbreaks of severe gastroenterisits in adults in China

A

Grooup B rotavirus

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10
Q

Rotaviruses multiply in the ____________ and damage their transport mechanisms

A

cytoplasm of enterocytes

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11
Q

Rotavirus infections usually predominate during the?

A

winter season

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12
Q

A viral enterotoxin and induces secretion by triggering signal transduction pathway, in which those damage cells in the lumen of intestine will be release in stool

A

NSP4

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13
Q

Viral excretion usually lasts ______ in otherwise healthy patients but may be prolonged in those with poor nutrition.

A

2–12 days

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14
Q

Vaccines for rotavirus

A

1) Oral live attenuated rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine
2) Oral bovine- based rotavirus vaccine

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14
Q

Incubation period of Rotavirus

A

1-3 days

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15
Q

Lab dx for Rotavirus

A

Enyzme immunoassay and RT-PCR (most sensitive)

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16
Q

In what year was oral bovine based rotavirus vaccine introduced?

A

2006

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17
Q

Mechanism of oral bovine based rotavirus vaccine

A

Delays onset of rotaviruses season

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17
Q

Important agents of viral
gastroenteritis in humans

A

Caliciviruses or family caliciviridae

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18
Q

Four genera of family caliciviridae

A

1) Norovirus
2) Sapovirus
3) Lagovirus
4) Vesivirus

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19
Q

Includes vesicular exanthem
virus of swine, feline calicivirus, and marine viruses found in pinnipeds, whales, and fish.

A

Vesivirus

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19
Q

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus

A

Lagovirus

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20
Q

Small single-stranded RNA, round viruses of 27-30nm in diameter

A

Norwalk Virus

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21
Q

It is the common cause of infectious gastroenteritis

A

Norwalk Virus

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22
Q

Incubation period of Norwalk Virus

A

24-48 hours

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23
Q

MOT of Norwalk

A
  • Food borne (common)
  • Water borne
  • Person-person transmission- can be significant
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24
Q

Onset is rapid, and the clinical course is brief, lasting 12–60 hours

A

Norwalk

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25
Q

These genera of caliciviridae contain human viruses that can’t be cultured

A

Norovirus and Sapovirus

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26
Q

Based on recombinant virus-like particle can detect antibody responses

A

ELISA immunoassay

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26
Q

Since Novovirus and Sapovirus cannot be detected in culture it relies on?

A

Immune EM and RT-PCR

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26
Q

These genera of caliciviridae contain animal strains that can be grown in vitro

A

Lagovirus and Vesivirus

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27
Q

The most used diagnostic test/assay for Norovirus because it detects the viral RNA in stools, vomit, and environmental samples

A

RT-PCR

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28
Q

Stool should be collected from the px with acute illness or w/in _________ after onset of the symptoms. In some cases it can be collected from ________ after recovery

A

48-72 hours; 2 weeks

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28
Q

Best sample to detect Norovirus

A

Stool

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29
Q

Small virus that can range from 32-35 nm in diamter

A

Sapovirus

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30
Q

Causes diarrheagenic viruses distingusihed by a cup-shaped morphology

A

Sapovirus

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31
Q

Is there a vaccine for sapovirus?

A

No vaccine

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32
Q

Most important method to prevent transmission

A

Effective handwashing

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32
Q

About 28-30 nm in diameter. Exhibit a distincitve star-like morphology in the electron microscope

A

Astrovirus

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32
Q

Causes diarrheal illness and may be shed in extraordinarily large quantities in feces

A

Astrovirus

33
Q

Recognized as pathogens for infants and children, institutionalized patients and immunocompromised
persons

A

Astrovirus

34
Q

Number 1 cause of Gastroenteritis in adults

A

Astrovirus

35
Q

Astrovirus can be diagnosed using?

A

Electron Microscope and Immune EM

36
Q

Largest family in terms of number of genera

A

Picornaviridae

37
Q

Small positive single-strand viruses and do not have lipid membrane

A

Picornaviridae

38
Q

In replications of Picornaviridae, usually ________, but approximately it takes _______ to replicate

A

5-10 hours; 8 hours

39
Q

Identify: Non-enveloped with icosahedral capsids. Their nucleocapsids is 30 nm in diameter, naked, ssRNA

A

Picornaviridae

40
Q

4 Human Pathogenic Genera of Picornaviridae:

A
  1. Enterovirus (enteroviruses),
  2. Rhinovirus (rhinoviruses),
  3. Hepatovirus (hepatitis A virus),
  4. Parechovirus (parechoviruses),
41
Q

Foot-and-mouth disease viruses

A

Aphthovirus

42
Q

MOT of Poliovirus, Coxsackie, Echovirus, Enterovirus

A

Fecal to oral

43
Q

Causes paralytic poliomyelitis

A

Polioviruses 1-3

44
Q

Causes superficial rashes at: hand, foot and mouth

A

Coxsackieviruses A1 to A3 (3 serotypes)

44
Q

Internal symptoms and BORNHOLM disease (upper
respiratory tract infection > fever, sudden sharp pain in the intercostal muscle)

A

Coxsackieviruses B1 to B6 (6 serotypes)

45
Q

MOT of Enteroviruses

A

Respiratory drops and also fecal oral route

46
Q

How many serotypes of:
a) Enteroviruses
b) Echovirus
c) Parechovirus

A

a) Enteroviruses 68 to 104 (HEV A, HEV B, HEV C, and HEV D)
b) Echoviruses 1 to 33 (33 serotypes)
c) Parechovirus 1 to 4 (4 serotypes)

47
Q

Portal of entry of Enteroviruses

A

Mouth or Nose >
Lymphoid tissue (pharynx and gut) >
initially will replicate >
particles >
blood stream (viremia) >
TARGET ORGANS (spinal cord, heart & skin) >
infection/ disease

47
Q

Incubation period of Enterovirus

A

3-35 days

48
Q

New human enterovirus classifications

A

Enterovirus A-D and poliovirus

49
Q

Endemic worldwide, common infection in children due to poor hygiene

A

Enterovirus

49
Q

The only enterovirus that has a vaccine

A

Poliovirus

50
Q

Small naked viruses that can cause various diseases

A

Enteroviruses

50
Q

Test for enteroviruses

A

Seum neutralization test

51
Q

Implicated in early-onset diabetes, cardiopathy, and fetal
malformations

A

Enteroviruses

52
Q

Enteroviruses Replicate initially in the?

A

lymphoid tissue of the
pharynx and gut

52
Q

Enteroviruses Replicate in the?

A

respiratory epithelium and gut

53
Q

Can result in the virus spreading from these locations to the spinal cord, heart, and skin

A

Viremia

54
Q

Causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

A

Enterovirus 70

55
Q

Enterovirus70 is retrieved using what spx?

A

conjunctival swabs and tears

56
Q

Enterovirus has no group antigen, therefore, it is
being identified individually by?

A

serum neutralization test

57
Q

Used for specific confirmation of enterovirus (2pts)

A

Cell culture neutralization and type-specific antisera

58
Q

PCR for enterovirus can examine what spx?

A

CSF

59
Q

Type of neurological conditions, characterized by paralysis and reduced muscle tone

A

Polio viruses

60
Q

Incubation period for poliovirus

A

7- 14 days (range: 3-35 days)

61
Q

Most dieases of poliovirus is from what type?

A

Poliovirus type 1

62
Q

Most common cases of infection. Infection is restricted to the GIT and is characterized by mild fever with diarrhea to flaccid paralysis

A

Asymptomatic polio infection

63
Q

Stiff neck and vomiting as a result of muscle spasm (2% of px)

A

Non-paralytic poliomyelitis

64
Q

These are mild diseases. infection of polio virus (2pts)

A

Asymptomatic polio infection & Abortive poliomyelitis

65
Q

Minor illness, first symptomatic result is febrile disease, and general malaise (w/ vomiting & sore throat)

A

Abortive poliomyelitis

66
Q

This may progress to the brain and may upgrade to infect meninges (aseptic meninges)

A

Non-paralytic poliomyeletis

67
Q

Recovery is rapid and complete. Small percentage of this disease may advance to paralysis

A

Non-paralytic polimyeletis

68
Q

Classic paralysis that result from a lower motor neuron damage

A

Paralytic polio

69
Q

Paralytic polio happens after how many days after the end of the first minor symptoms occur?

A

4 days

69
Q

Complete flaccid paralysis since one or more limbs are affected

A

Spinal paralysis

69
Q

Affects the cranial nerves & respiratory

A

Bulbar paralysis

70
Q

Observed in individuals decades after the experience of paralytic polio

A

Muscle wasting (Progressive Post-Poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy)

71
Q

Portal of entry for poliovirues

A

mouth

72
Q

Polio Virus can be seen in blood of px with

A

non- paralytic polio myelitis

73
Q

In 1950s, these scientists discovered two separate vaccines for polio virus

A

Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin

73
Q

Primary multiplication site of poliovirus

A

Oropharynx or intestine

74
Q

Discovered the Inactivated polio vax

A

Jonas Salk

75
Q

The most common vaccine in US since 2000. It is being administered by intramuscular vaccine

A

Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)

76
Q

Discovered oral vaccine or oral polio vaccine.

A

Albert Sabin

77
Q

This polio vax is a live attenuated vax

A

oral polio vaccine (OPV)

78
Q

CDC recommended that children will get how many doses of polio vax? (State in what ages as well)

A

4 doses of polio vax.
At 2 months old (1), 4 months (1), 6-18 months (1), and 4-6 yrs old (1)

79
Q

This is prepared from the virus grown in monkey kidney cultures

A

Formalinized vaccine (Salk)

80
Q

Inactivate polio vax, administered intramuscularly (IM)

A

Salk

81
Q

Induces humoral antibodies but does not induce local intestinal immunity so virus can still multiply in the gut

A

Killed-virus vaccine

82
Q

Contains live attenuated vaccine for polio virus 1, 2, and 3 serotypes

A

Sabin or Live attenuated polio vaccine

82
Q

Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan viruses

A

Echoviruses

83
Q

Symptoms include fever and blisters on the hands, palate, and feet

A

Enterovirus 71

83
Q

Sugar cube coated with the vaccines

A

Oral vaccine

84
Q

Has been isolated from px with meningitis, encephalitis, and paralysis resembling poliomyelitis

A

Enterovirus 71

84
Q

Causes Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)

A

Enterovirus 71

84
Q

Infect the human enteric tract, associated with aseptic meningitis, rashes, and infantile diarrhea

A

Echoviruses

SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR (39 decks)

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