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SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR > MYCO & VIROLOGY L5 (Semis- Virology Intro) > Flashcards

MYCO & VIROLOGY L5 (Semis- Virology Intro) Flashcards

1
Q

Can be made up with an Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) or Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genome (but can’t be both)

A

Virion

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2
Q

Virus particles can only be observed by

A

electron microscope

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3
Q

Morphology

A
  • Helical
  • Icosahedral
  • Complex
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4
Q

Virus family names have the suffix?

A

-viridae

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4
Q

Q1: Subdivisions of within each family is called?

Q2: And this is usually based on?

A

Q1: Genera

Q2: physiochemical and serologic differences

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4
Q

Genus names carry the suffix?

A

-virus

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5
Q

The only one order that has been currently defined

A

Mononegavirales which encompasses the Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae families

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6
Q

Recognition of a suitable host cell and specific binding between viral capsid proteins (often glycoprotein spikes) and the carbohydrate receptor of the host cell

A

Attachment or Adsorption

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7
Q

Viral Tropism

A

Attachment or Adsorption

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8
Q

Phagocytosis by host cells (endocytosis)

A

Penetration or Virus Entry

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9
Q

Process by which the capsid is removed

A

Uncoating

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10
Q

Production of nucleic acids and protein polymers

A

Macromolecular Synthesis

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11
Q

Fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane

A

Penetration or Virus Entry

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12
Q

A process by which structural proteins, genomes, and in some cases, viral enzymes are assembled into virus particles

A

Viral Assembly

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12
Q

In viral assembly, envelopes are acquired during the ___________ from a host cell membrane

A

viral “budding”

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13
Q

Occurs after cell lysis (lytic virus) or by virus particle budding from cytoplasmic membranes

A

Release of Intact Virus Particles

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14
Q

Enumerate the stages of Viral Replication

A
  1. Attachment or Adsorption
  2. Penetration or Virus Entry
  3. Uncoating
  4. Macromolecular Synthesis
  5. Viral Assembly
  6. Release of Intact Virus Particles
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15
Q

Displaying evident signs and symptoms

A

Acute Infection

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16
Q

Has no visible signs and symptoms, but the virus is still present in the host cell in a lysogenic state (inserted into the host genome in a resting state) or maintained as a nuclear or cytoplasmic episome

A

Latent Infection

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16
Q

In which low levels of virus are detectable and the degree of visible signs or symptoms varies

A

Chronic or persistent infection

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17
Q

In latent infection, there are no visible signs and symptoms, however, the virus is still present in the cell in a? (2 pts)

A

Lysogenic state and maintained as a nuclear or cytoplasmic episome

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18
Q

The term used that refers to the insertion of the virus into the host genome in a resting state

A

Lysogenic state

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19
Q

Swab specimens should not contain these substances because they may be toxic to cultured cells (2pts)

A

chemicals or other compounds

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20
Q

These are are considerably more convenient

A

Swabs

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21
Q

For the recovery of enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and HSV

A

Throat swabs

22
Q

Preferred for the detection of
RSV and influenza and parainfluenza viruses

A

Nasopharyngeal swab or aspirate specimens:

23
Q

For viruses that infect the lower respiratory tract, especially influenza viruses and
adenoviruses

A

Bronchial and Bronchoalveolar washings

24
Q

Washings and lavage fluid are collected during?

A

Bronchoscopy

25
Q

Used to detect rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41), and enteroviruses

A

Rectal Swabs and Stool Specimens

26
Q

Preferred sample for detecting rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41), and enteroviruses

A

Stool sample

27
Q

Virus recovery for urine

A
  • Centrifugation or filtration
  • Neutralize the pH with a 7.5% solution of a sodium bicharbonate
27
Q

Acceptable for detecting enteroviruses in patients suspected of having an enteroviral disease

A

Rectal swabs

27
Q

Method for collecting urine

A

Clean-catch first-morning urine (first-void urine)

28
Q

Sample volume for blood spx

A

5-10mL of anticoagulated blood

28
Q

Used for detecting CMV: mumps, rubella, and measles viruses; polyomaviruses; and adenovirus

A

Urine

29
Q

Used for detecting CMV; however, HSV, VZV, enteroviruses, and adenovirus

A

Blood

29
Q

Should be used for samples collected for nucleic acid testing

A

EDTA

30
Q

Additives that are acceptable for CMV detection (3pts)

A

Heparinized, Citrated or EDTA

31
Q

Should be used when other viruses are being considered

A

Citrated blood

32
Q

For serologic tests and nucleic acid assays

A

Serum

33
Q

Used for detecting CMV, influenza virus, adenovirus, sin nombre virus, HSV

A

Tissue

34
Q

Collected during surgical procedures

A

Tissue

35
Q

Used for HSV and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection

A

Genital specimens

35
Q

Preferred for nucleic acid assays, but formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues may be used

A

Fresh tissue

36
Q

Collected as soon as possible after the appearance of symptoms

A

Acute specimens

37
Q

Collected a minimum of 2 to 3 weeks after the acute specimen

A

Convalescent specimens

37
Q

Sample volume for Serum Antibody Testing

A

3 to 5mL of serum

38
Q

Viral transport medium used

A

Saline or trypticase soy broth

39
Q

The viral transport medium should consist of a buffered isotonic solution with a protein such as? (GAS)

A

Gelatin, Albumin, Serum

40
Q

Purpose of buffered isotonic solution with a protein

A

To protect less stable viruses

41
Q

Specimens should not be frozen unless a significant delay (________) in processing is anticipated (held at ____________)

A

> 4 days; -70 degrees Celsius

41
Q

Samples that can be collected with viral transport media are? (3pts)

A

Respiratory, swab, and tissue samples

41
Q

Specimens should be stored at?

A

4C

42
Q

Specimens should never be stored at?

A

-20C!!!!!

43
Q

Methods in Diagnostic Virology

A
  • Direct detection of the virus in clinical specimens
  • Nucleic acid-based detection
  • Isolation of viruses in cell cultures
  • Serologic assays to detect antibodies to virus
44
Q

The gold standard method/ equipment used for Viral testing.

A

Embryonated Hen’s eggs or Isolation of viruses in cell cultures (based sa transes)

45
Q

What do you call the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane?

A

Virus entry

46
Q

The following are all parts of a virion except for what?
A. Peplomere
B. Capsid
C. Envelope
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

47
Q

Which of the following is not a commonly known respiratory virus?
A. Influenza
B. RSV
C. HSV
D. Rhinovirus

A

D. HSV

48
Q

This is the preferred sample for nucleic acid assays

A

Tissues

SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR (39 decks)

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