Muscular System 1

Question 1

Describe Skeletal Muscle:

Answer 1

striated/striped muscle

Question 2

Skeletal Muscle Function:

Answer 2

“Voluntary Movement” of skeletal system, by pulling on bones

Question 3

Describe Cardiac Muscle:

Answer 3

Specialized striated muscle ONLY in the heart walls

Question 4

Cardiac Muscle Function:

Answer 4

“Involuntary Movement” of blood through circulatory system

Question 5

Describe Smooth Muscle:

Answer 5

Non-striated muscle in hollow organs

stomach, arteries, glands, tissues

Question 6

Smooth Muscle Function:

Answer 6

“Involuntary Movement” of substances in body

Question 7

The Muscular System allows:

Answer 7

Movement
Posture 
Stability
Control of body openings
Maintain body temp.
Gycemic Control

Question 8

How does the muscular system regulate body temperature:

Answer 8

Skeletal muscle can produce 85% of body heat

optimal body temp is vital for enzymes

Question 9

How does the muscular system control Glycemic:

Answer 9

Regulation of blood glucose concentration depends on muscle’s ability to store & use glucuse

Question 10

Define a Myocyte:

Answer 10

Muscle Fiber/skeletal muscle cell

Question 11

Appearance of a Myocyte:

Answer 11

Long cylinder cell w/ striations

Question 12

The components of a Myocyte:

Answer 12

Sarcolemma

Sarcoplasma

Nuclei

Question 13

Define a Sarcolemma:

Answer 13

Plasma membrane of a myocyte

Question 14

Define a Saroplasma:

Answer 14

Cytoplasm of a myocyte

Question 15

How many Nuclei does a Myoctye have:

Answer 15

Multiple Nuclei per cell/myocyte due to tons of embryonic cells fusing together to form each myocyte

Question 16

Define the Mitochondria:

Answer 16

powerhouse of the cell
converts glucose into ATP
requires oxygen

Question 17

Describe the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR):

Answer 17

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum that wraps around each myofibril

Stores & releases calcium (ca)

Question 18

When the Sacroplasmic Reticulum releases Calcium what happens?

Answer 18

The calcium initiates muscle contraction

Question 19

Describe the Transverse Tubules:

Answer 19

extensions of sarcolemma that run transverse to myocyte

Question 20

Function of the Transverse Tubules:

Answer 20

Transfer electric signals from sarcolemma to the sacroplasmic reticulum

Tells the sacroplasmic ret. when to release calcium

Question 21

Describe the Myofibrils:

Answer 21

Cylinders of contractile proteins that make up the sacroplasm

Question 22

Describe Myofilaments:

Answer 22

Contractile proteins

thick, thin, elastic filaments

Question 23

Define a Thick Filament:

Answer 23

Made of myosins

Question 24

Define a Thin Filament:

Answer 24

Each one is made of 2 actins

Question 25

Define an Actin:

Answer 25

bead-necklace structure

during muscle contraction, actin binds to myosin heads

Question 26

Define Myosin:

Answer 26

golf-club w/ head & shaft

Question 27

When a muscle isn’t contracting te binding sites are covered with?

Answer 27

Troponin & Tropomyosin, proteins on surfaces of ACTIN that regulate muscle contraction

Question 28

When a muscle is relaxed, Tropomyosin?

Answer 28

Covers the binding sited on ACTIN

Blocks myosin head from inserting

Question 29

When a muscle contracts Troponin?

Answer 29

Troponin acts as a calcium receptor

causes Tropomyosin to uncover binding sites on ACTIN