Human Chemistry 8 (Proteins) Flashcards
What is the MOST abundant Organic Compound in the human body?
Proteins with many diverse functions
Define Proteins:
Long chains of Organic Compounds made of Amino Acids
Define Amino Acids:
Compounds with a central carbon atom
How many Amino Acids are there?
29 in total
20 amino acids in the human body
9 are essential and MUST be obtaines through our diet
Amino acids are the?
Amini Acids are the building blocks of Proteins
Define Peptide Bonds:
Covalent bonds that LINK Amino Acids
Define Peptide:
Short chain of Amino acids
Define Polypeptide:
A medium length chain of Amino Acids
The sequence/order of the Amino Acids in a chain determine?
The shape of the peptide/polupeptide/protein
Define a Primary Structure of Amino Acids:
Simple Peptide Chain
Define a Secondary Structure of Amino Acids:
Bonds form between different parts of the chain
Define a Tertiary Structure:
A Polypeptide chain interacting with surrounding water molecules to create 3D shapes
Define Quarternary Structure:
Bonds form between individual Polypeptides to form more complex proteins
For Proteins the structuee determines?
The function of the Protein
Define Denaturalization:
The LOSS of tertiary or quaternary structure which deactivates proteins
Denaturalization occurs when?
Qhen the body’s temperature rises above normal (a fever)
Why does death occur with a long fever?
Denaturalization of structual proteins and enzymes causes irreversible damage to tissues and organs
The main functions of Proteins
Structure communication
Metabolism
Protection
Movement
Proteins provide the body structure by?
Collagen gives strength to skin, bones, cartilage
How do Proteins provide communication?
Hormones allow various parts of the body to communicate with each other
How do Proteins control Metabolism?
Enzymes are Proteins thar control the speed of chemical reactions in the body
How do Proteins provide Protection?
Antibodies attack foreign invaders
Clotting Proteins protect the body from bleeding out
How do Proteins provide Movement?
Actin and Myosin are the Proteins in muscles that allow them to contract
