Human Bio 2 Cells

Question 1

Define a CELL:

Answer 1

The smallest unit of life

Question 2

Cells are surrounded by watery fluid known as:

Answer 2

Extracellular Fluid AKA Interstitial Fluid

Question 3

Define the Interstitium:

Answer 3

The space b/w cells in a tissue

Question 4

Define the Plasma Membrane:

Answer 4

The cell membrane that acts as a physical barrier for contents of cell & the external environment

Question 5

Define Cytoplasm:

Answer 5

The contents of the cell

Question 6

Define Cytosol:

Answer 6

Intracellular Fluid

makes up 70-90% of the cell

made of inorganic Compounds (electrolytes, water)
Organic Compounds: proteins, lipids, carbs

Question 7

Define Organelle:

Answer 7

small organs in cytosol

Question 8

Define the Mitochondria:

Answer 8

Enzymes break off phosphate from ATP to release energy

Powerhouse of the cell

of mitochondria in any cell depends on its energy demands

Question 9

Ribosome:

Answer 9

Contain: RNA + Proteins
Small round structure

Fixed + Free Ribosomes

Question 10

Define Fixed Ribosomes:

Answer 10

Attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Function: Protein creation/synthesis

Question 11

Define Free Ribosomes:

Answer 11

Unattached ribosomes floating in the cytosol

Question 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

Answer 12

Network of membranes

2 TYPES: Rough ER + Smooth ER

Question 13

Define Rough ER:

Answer 13

Has Ribosomes attached to it

Store + package new proteins before transporting to the Golgi Apparatus

Question 14

Define Smooth ER:

Answer 14

No ribosomes
Synthesize hormones
Synthesize triglycerides(fats)
Synthesizes glycogen stored in liver cells
Synthesizes phosphal lipuds for cell membranes

Question 15

Define the Golgi Apparatus:

Answer 15

Modify + package secretions for transport outside of the cell

Package enzymes for use in ctyoplasm

Question 16

Define Vesicles:

Answer 16

Small sacs of membranes containing water secretions or enzymes

Question 17

Define Lysosomes:

Answer 17

Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes formed by the golgi aparatus

Function: Digest foreign/damaged material

Question 18

Define Peroxisomes:

Answer 18

Vesicles that contain anti-oxidants formed by the golgi apparatus

Function:Deactivate free-radicals

Question 19

Define Centrioles:

Answer 19

Celluar reproduction/mitosis

pair of rods lie at 90 degree angle to eachother

Question 20

Define the Cytoskeleton:

Answer 20

Network of protein threads inside of the cytoplasm

support the cell’s structure + aid in movement of cellular material

Question 21

Define Intermediate Filaments:

Answer 21

long tubes, act as a skeleton for cell

Question 22

Define Microtubules:

Answer 22

Form the Mitotic-spindle

Question 23

Define the Mircovilli:

Answer 23

Hair-like extensions, help absorb materials into the cell

ex:in the digestive tract

Question 24

Define the Nucleus:

Answer 24

Center of cell

Store DNA/genetic makeup

Question 25

Define the Nucleoplasm:

Answer 25

Holds the contents of the nucleus

Question 26

Define the Nuclear Membrane:

Answer 26

The outer boarder of the nucleus

Question 27

Define the Nucleolus:

Answer 27

Organelle inside the Nucleus

Function:Makes ribosomal RNA

Question 28

Define Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA):

Answer 28

The genetic code