Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Muscles of the Body > Flashcards

Muscles of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

A

Located in face and scalp; Produce facial movements
Insert into skin
Innervated by cranial nerve VII- Facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscles of Tongue

A

Extrinsic muscles- Move laterally, anteriorly, and posteriorly
Intrinsic muscles- Produce shape of tongue
Innervated by cranial nerve XII- Hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Produce chewing
Jaw closure- Masseter and temporalis
Lateral jaw movements- Pterygoid muscles
Compress cheeks- Buccinator
Innervated by cranial nerve V- Trigeminal Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Masseter

A

Origin- Maxilla and Zygomatic Process
Insertion- Lateral angle and ramus of mandible
Function- Close jaw
Innervation- Trigeminal Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin- Temporal Fossa
Insertion- Coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Function- Close jaw
Innervation- Trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin- Alveolar margins
Insertion- Orbicularis oris
Function- Compress cheeks
Innervation- Facial Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Muscles of Anterior Neck

A

Divided into sections based on the sternocleidomastoid and hyoid bone
Anterior triangle- Participate in swallowing; divided into suprahyoid and infrahyoid
Pharyngeal constrictors- force food into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscles of head movement

A

Anterior-
Sternocleidomastoid- Flex and laterally rotate head to opposite side
Scalenes- Elevate ribs 1&2 and assist in flexion and rotation of neck
Posterior-
Splenius capititis and Splenius cervicis- Extend and rotate head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deep muscles of the back

A

Responsible for trunk extension and maintaining spinal curves
Form column from sacrum to skull
Erector Spinae Group
Semispinalis- Extend and lateral rotation of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Erector Spinae Muscles

A

Iliocostalis- Lateral
Lumborum, Thoracis, and Cervicis
Longissimus- Intermediate
Thoracis, Cervicis, and Capitis
Spinalis- Medial
Thoracis, Cervicis, and Capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscles Involved in Breathing

A

External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

External Intercostals

A

Run oblique and inferior from superior to inferior border of ribs
Elevate rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Run inferior and posterior from superior to inferior border of ribs
Depress rib cage in forced exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diaphragm

A

Umbrella shaped muscle that divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Moves down and flattens during contraction and inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscles of the Abdominal wall

A

External Obliques
Internal Obliques
Transversus Abdominus
Rectus Abdominus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

External Obliques

A

Superficial abdominal wall muscle
Fascicles run down and medial
Support and compress abdomen; Trunk flexion and lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Internal obliques

A

Middle abdominal wall muscle
Fascicles run down and lateral
Support and compress abdomen; Trunk flexion and lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

Deep abdominal wall muscles
Fascicles run horizontally
Compress abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Traditional ab muscles
Run from pubis to rib cage
Anterior vertebral flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anterior Thorax Muscles

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Posterior Thorax Muscles

A

Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin- Clavicle, Sternum, and costal cartilage
Insertion- Lateral intertubercular groove
Function- Medial rotation and adduction of arm; arm flexion
Innervation- Pectoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin- Ribs 3-5
Insertion- Coracoid process
Function- Protract and rotate scapula downward, elevate ribs
Innervation- Pectoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin- Ribs 1-8
Insertion- Costal medial scapular border
Function- Abduct and laterally rotate scapula downward
Innervation- Long thoracic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin- Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7-T12
Insertion- Acromion, scapular spine, and clavicle
Function- Elevate, depress, adduct, and laterally rotate scapula up
Innervation- Spinal accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Origin- Transverse process C1-C4
Insertion- Upper medial scapular border
Function- Elevate scapula and depress glenoid cavity
Innervation- Cervical and dorsal scapular nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Origin- Spinous process T2-T5
Insertion- Medial border of scapula
Function- Elevate, adduct, and medially rotate scapula
Innervation- Dorsal scapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Origin- Ligamentum nuchae, C7 + T1 spinous processes
Insertion- Medial border of scapula
Function- Elevate, adduct, and medially rotate scapula
Innervation- Dorsal scapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Muscles that produce movement of the arm

A

Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Rotator Cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

All muscles function to stabilize the shoulder joint
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Deltoid

A

Prime mover of arm abduction
Functions- Abduct, flex, extend, and rotate arm
Function depends on what fibers are active
Insert into deltoid tuberosity
Innervated by axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin- Posterior iliac crest, spinous process L5-T7, ribs 8-12
Insertion- Intertubercular groove
Function- Extend, adduct, and medially rotate arm
Innervation- Thoracodorsal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Teres major

A

Origin- Posterior inferior angle and lower lateral border of scapula
Insertion- Intertubercular groove
Function- Adducts, medially rotates, and extends arm
Innervation- Lower subscapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Abducts and laterally rotates arm
Part of rotator cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotate arm
Part of rotator cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Teres minor

A

Adduct and laterally rotate arm
Part of rotator cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medially rotates arm
Part of rotator cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Muscles crossing the elbow

A

Anterior:
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Posterior:
Triceps Brachii
Aconeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origins- Supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process
Insertion- Radial tuberosity
Function- Flex forearm, supinate forearm, assist shoulder flexion
Innervation- Musculocutaneous nerve

40
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin- Distal anterior humerus
Insertion- Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
Function- Elbow flexion
Innervation- Musculocutaneous nerve

41
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin- Lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion- Styloid process of radius
Function- Flex forearm (advantage when pronated)
Innervation- Deep radial nerve

42
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origins- Infraglenoid Tubercle, posterior humerus
Insertion- Olecranon process
Function- Extend forearm, weak shoulder extension
Innervation- Radial nerve

43
Q

Anconeus

A

Assist pronation and elbow extension

44
Q

Characteristics of Anterior Forearm Muscles

A

Flexors of wrist, hand, and fingers
Innervated by Median and Ulnar nerves
Originate from Common Flexor tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus

45
Q

Superficial Anterior Forearm Muscles

A

Pronator teres- Proximal pronator muscle
Palmaris longus- Assists wrist flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis

46
Q

Deep Anterior Forearm Muscles

A

Flexor pollicis longus- Flex thumb
Flexor digitorum profundus- Flex distal interphalangeal joints
Pronator quadratus- Distal pronator muscle

47
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin- Common Flexor Tendon
Insertion- Base of metacarpals 2&3
Function- Flex and abduct wrists
Innervation- Medial nerve

48
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Origin- Common Flexor Tendon
Insertion- Pisiform, Hamate, and Metacarpal 5
Function- Flex and adduct wrist
Innervation- Ulnar nerve

49
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Origin- Common flexor tendon
Insertion- Middle phalanx of digits 2-5 (ends in loop)
Function- Flex proximal interphalangeal joints; assist flexion of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints
Innervation- Median nerve

50
Q

Posterior Forearmarm Muscles Characteristics

A

Extensors
Innervated by radial nerve
Common extensor tendon- Lateral epicondyle of humerus

51
Q

Superficial Posterior Forearm Muscles

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

52
Q

Deep Posterior Forearm Muscles

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis
Extensor Indicis
Supinator

53
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Origin- Distal Humerus
Insertion- Metacarpal 2
Function- Extend and abduct wrist
Innervation- Radial nerve

54
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Origin- Common extensor tendon
Insertion- Metacarpal 3
Function- Extend and abduct wrist
Innervation- Radial nerve

55
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Origin- Common extensor tendon
Insertion- Dorsum of digits 2-5
Function- Extends interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints of digits 2-5; assists wrist extension
Innervation- Radial nerve

56
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin- Common extensor tendon
Insertion- Metacarpal 5
Function- Extend and adducts wrist
Innervation- Radial nerve

57
Q

Supinator

A

Origin- Lateral epicondyle, Radial collateral ligament, ulna
Insertion- Superior lateral radius
Function- Supinate forearm
Innervation- Radial nerve

58
Q

Intrinsic Hand Muscle Groups

A

Thenar muscles- Ball of thumb
Hypothenar muscles- Digit 5
Midpalmar muscles- Lumbricals, Interossei

59
Q

Thenar muscles

A

Innervated by median nerve
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis

60
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

61
Q

Lumbricals

A

Extend metacarpophalangeal joints

62
Q

Palmar interossei

A

Adduct fingers toward midline of hand

63
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Abduct fingers away from midline of hand

64
Q

Anterior Thigh Muscles

A

Flex Leg and Extend Kne; Innervated by femoral nerve
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris
Tensor Fascia Latae

65
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Iliacus and Psoas Muscles
Origin- T12-L5, Superior Iliac fossa and sacrum
Insertion- Lesser trochanter
Function- Flex femur and trunk
Innervation- Femoral nerve

66
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin- Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion- Medial tibia
Function- Flex hip and knee, laterally rotate thigh
Innervation- Femoral nerve

67
Q

Quadriceps Femoris

A

Primary knee extensors
Share common insertion at quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedialis, and Vastus Medialis

68
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Origin- Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Function- Flex thigh and extend knee

69
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Origin- Greater trochanter
Function- Extend knee

70
Q

Vastus Intermedialis

A

Origin- Intertrochanteric line
Function- Extend knee

71
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Origin- Anterior and lateral femur
Function- Extend knee

72
Q

Medial Thigh Muscles

A

Responsible for Adduction
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

73
Q

Posterior Thigh Muscles

A

Extend thigh and flex knee
Gluteal Muscles (Maximus, medius, minimus)
Lateral Rotators
Hamstrings

74
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin- Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligaments
Insertion- Gluteal tuberosity
Functions- Extend and laterally rotate hip
Innervation- Inferior gluteal nerve

75
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin- Posterior Ilium
Insertion- Lateral greater trochanter
Function- Abducts and medially rotates thigh; stabilizes hip
Innervation- Superior gluteal nerve

76
Q

Lateral rotators

A

Piriformis
Obturator externus and internus
Superior and Interior gemellus
Quadratus femoris

77
Q

Hamstrings Muscles

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

78
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Origin- Ischial tuberosity and supracondylar line
Insertion- Fibular head and lateral condyle of femur
Function- Flex and laterally rotate knee; weak hip extension
Innervation- Tibial nerve

79
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion- Posterior medial condyle of tibia
Function- Extend hip, flex and medially rotate knee
Insertion- Tibial nerve

80
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion- Medial tibia
Function- Extend hip, flex and medially rotate knee
Innervation- Tibial nerve

81
Q

Anterior Leg Muscles

A

Dorsiflexors
Innervated by Deep Fibular Nerve
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Fibularis Tertius- Help with eversion (if present)

82
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Origin- Lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
Insertion- Medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1
Function- Dorsiflexion and inversion

83
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin- Tibial lateral condyle and anterior fibula
Insertion- Digits 2-5
Function- Extend all toe joints 2-5, assist dorsiflexion

84
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin- Anterior fibula
Insertion- Distal phalanx of digit 1
Function- Extend all joints of digit 1 and assist dorsiflextion

85
Q

Lateral Muscles of the Leg

A

Fibularis Brevis
Fibularis Longus
Origin- Lateral fibular head
Insertion- Lateral metatarsal 1 and sole of medial cuneiform
Function- Eversion and assist plantar flexion
Innervation- Superficial fibular nerve

86
Q

Posterior Muscles of the Leg

A

Plantar Flexors
Innervated by the Tibial Nerve
Superficial:
Triceps Surae (Gastrocnemius and soleus)
Plantaris- Assist plantar flexion
Deep:
Popliteus- Medially rotate tibia
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus

87
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin- Medial condyle, lateral condyle, and posterior femur
Insertion- Calcaneal tendon
Function- Plantar flexion and assist knee flexion
Innervation- Tibial nerve

88
Q

Soleus

A

Origin- Proximal posterior fiblula
Insertion- Calcaneal tendon
Function- Plantar flexion
Innervation- Tibial nerve

89
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Origin- Posterior tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane
Insertion- Navicular, cuneiforms, and base of metatarsals 2-4
Function- Inversion and plantar flexion
Innervation- Tibial nerve

90
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin- Posterior tibia
Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
Function- Flex all joints of digits 2-5, assist plantar flexion
Innervation- Tibial Nerve

91
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin- Posterior fibula
Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of digit 1
Function- Flex all joints of digit 1 and assist plantar flexion
Innervation- Tibial nerve

92
Q

Intrinsic Foot Muscles

A

Function to move toes and maintain arches
4 layers on sole side
Extensor Digitorum Brevis on dorsal side

93
Q

1st layer of sole muscles

A

Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

94
Q

2nd layer of sole muscles

A

Flexor accessorius- Attach to flexor digitorum longus tendon
Lumbricals- flex metatarsophalangeal joints

95
Q

3rd layer of sole muscles

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

96
Q

4th layer of sole muscles

A

Plantar interossei- Adduct toes toward midline of foot
Dorsal interossei- Abduct toes away from midline of foot

Human Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions