Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Chapter 12- Fundamentals of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 12- Fundamentals of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A

Sensory Reception
Integration
Elicit Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System

A

Central (CNS)- Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral (PNS)- Everything else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

A

Somatic- Body as a whole
Visceral- Internal organs
Sensory (Afferent)- Toward CNS
Motor (Efferent) Away from CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Somatic Sensory Functions

A

Most sensory experiences
Touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, proprioception
Hearing, equilibrium, vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Visceral Sensory Functions

A

State of internal environment
Stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, visceral irritation, nausea, hunger
Taste and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Somatic Motor Function

A

Control of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Visceral Motor Functions

A

Control smooth and cardiac muscles
Control glands
Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurons

A

Basic communication cell
Dendrites- Receive information
Cell body (Soma)- Control center
Axon- Generate and conduct impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of Neurons

A

Conductive
Longevity- Live for a long time
Do not divide
High metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structural Classifications of Neurons

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Multipolar Neurons

A

Many dendrites with one axon
Motor and interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

1 dendrite and 1 axon
Found only in special senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Unipolar (Pseudounipolar) neurons

A

One short, singular process
Cell body is on the side of the central process
Sensory Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functional Classification of Neurons

A

Sensory (afferent)
Motor (efferent)
Interneurons (Association)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Transmit impulses toward the CNS
Mostly unipolar
Cell bodies found in the PNS in ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Transmit impulses away from the CNS; Junction with effector cells
Mostly multipolar
Cell bodies in the CNS in nuclei; Anterior gray matter

17
Q

Interneurons

A

Transmit impulses within the CNS
Mostly multipolar
Cell bodies in the CNS in nuclei; posterior gray matter

18
Q

Action potential

A

Electrical impulse that forms the basis of neuron communication
Depolarization of the cell

19
Q

Synapses

A

Junction between neurons
Types:
Axodendritic- Axon & Dendrite
Axosomatic- Axon & Cell body

20
Q

Synaptic potentials

A

Excitatory Synapses- Promotes depolarization and impulse generation
Inhibitory Synapses- Promotes hyperpolarization and restricts impulse generation

21
Q

Neuroglial cells

A

Support cells
Non-excitable, maintenance, and insulator cells
Outnumber neurons 10:1

22
Q

Neuroglia in the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells- Line cavities and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes- Insulatory cell that surrounds many axons

23
Q

Neuroglia in the PNS

A

Satellite cells- Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
Schwann Cells (neurolemmocytes)- Insulatory cells

24
Q

Myelin Sheaths

A

Surround axon to insulate and prevent current leakage
Increases impulse velocity

25
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Autoimmune disease that targets oligodendrocytes and myelin in the CNS

26
Q

Nerves

A

Cordlike organ in the PNS made of many axons wrapped in connective tissue containing blood supply

27
Q

Tracts

A

Nerve equivalents in the CNS
Many axons travelling in a similar direction

28
Q

Reflex Arcs

A

Allow for rapid automatic responses
Components:
Receptor, sensory neuron, (interneuron), motor neuron, effector
Monosynaptic- No interneuron
Polysynaptic- With interneuron

29
Q

Neuronal Circuits

A

Diverging- One neuron impacts many (Ex- Fight or flight)
Converging- Many neurons act on one (most neurons)
Reverberating- Self-stimulating feedback loop (ex- breathing)

30
Q

Gray matter

A

No myelination; Location of cell bodies
Spinal gray matter- Internal
Brain gray matter- External

31
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons
Spinal white matter- External
Brain white matter- Internal

32
Q

Neuron regeneration

A

Only possible in the PNS if the cell body remains intact
Steps:
1) Macrophages invade and destroy axon distal to injury
2) Axon filaments grow into tube formed by Schwann cells
3) Axon regenerates and myelin sheath surrounds axon

Human Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions