Chapter 6

Question 1

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 1

Most abundant, support through flexibility
Found on the ends of bones, rib attachments, respiratory structures, and the prenatal skeleton

Question 2

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 2

Contains many elastic fibers
Found in the epiglottis and external ear

Question 3

Fibrocartilage

Answer 3

Resist both compression and tension forces
Found in the intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci of knees

Question 4

Functions of bones

Answer 4

Support, Movement, Protection, Mineral Storage, Blood Cell Formation and Energy Storage, and Energy Metabolism

Question 5

Long bones

Answer 5

Longer than wide; Shaft and 2 ends
Ex- Humerus, femur, phalanges

Question 6

Short bones

Answer 6

Cube-like
Carpals, Tarsals

Question 7

Flat Bones

Answer 7

Thin, flattened, and somewhat curved bones
Skull, Ribs, sternum, scapula

Question 8

Irregular bones

Answer 8

Vertebrae and hips

Question 9

Osteoblasts

Answer 9

Secrete osteoid to build bones

Question 10

Osteoid

Answer 10

Bony matrix

Question 11

Osteocytes

Answer 11

Mature bone cells that maintain tissue

Question 12

Osteoclasts

Answer 12

Resorb bone tissue by acid and enzyme action

Question 13

Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells

Answer 13

Stem cells that become bone cells

Question 14

Epiphysis

Answer 14

Ends of long bones that are made of spongy bone

Question 15

Diaphysis

Answer 15

Shaft of long bone that is made of compact bone surrounding medullary cavity

Question 16

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 16

Site of epiphysis and diaphysis meeting

Question 17

Periosteum

Answer 17

Living tissue covering the outside of bones
Provides attachment sites and blood and nervous supplies

Question 18

Endosteum

Answer 18

Lines inside of bones

Question 19

Osteon

Answer 19

Singular unit of compact bone tissue
Composed of lamellae surrounding central canal

Question 20

Lamellae

Answer 20

Concentric circles of bony tissue
Adjacent have opposite collagen fibers

Question 21

Central canal

Answer 21

Runs through the center of osteons and contains the blood and nerve supply
Lined with endosteum

Question 22

Perforating canals

Answer 22

Connect central canals with medullary cavity and other osteons
Spread nerve and blood supply

Question 23

Lacunae

Answer 23

Gaps between lamellae that house osteocytes

Question 24

Canaliculi

Answer 24

Gab junctions between osteocytes through lamellae that allow for the transport of oxygen and nutrients

Question 25

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 25

Bone growth directly from mesenchyme
Only for skull and clavicle

Question 26

Endochondral ossification

Answer 26

Bone growth that follows cartilage framework

Question 27

Osteoporosis

Answer 27

Low bone mass and deterioration of structures
Common in post-menopausal women

Question 28

Osteomalacia and Rickets

Answer 28

Bone lacking mineral content
Rickets can cause growth problems in children
Treated with Vitamin D to promote calcium uptake

Question 29

Paget’s Disease

Answer 29

Excessive bone deposition and remodeling does not allow bones to mature

Question 30

Osteosarcoma

Answer 30

Bony cancer form excess osteoblast activity
More common in adolescents and young adults