Chapter 6 Flashcards
Hyaline Cartilage
Most abundant, support through flexibility
Found on the ends of bones, rib attachments, respiratory structures, and the prenatal skeleton
Elastic Cartilage
Contains many elastic fibers
Found in the epiglottis and external ear
Fibrocartilage
Resist both compression and tension forces
Found in the intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci of knees
Functions of bones
Support, Movement, Protection, Mineral Storage, Blood Cell Formation and Energy Storage, and Energy Metabolism
Long bones
Longer than wide; Shaft and 2 ends
Ex- Humerus, femur, phalanges
Short bones
Cube-like
Carpals, Tarsals
Flat Bones
Thin, flattened, and somewhat curved bones
Skull, Ribs, sternum, scapula
Irregular bones
Vertebrae and hips
Osteoblasts
Secrete osteoid to build bones
Osteoid
Bony matrix
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells that maintain tissue
Osteoclasts
Resorb bone tissue by acid and enzyme action
Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells
Stem cells that become bone cells
Epiphysis
Ends of long bones that are made of spongy bone
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone that is made of compact bone surrounding medullary cavity
Epiphyseal plate
Site of epiphysis and diaphysis meeting
Periosteum
Living tissue covering the outside of bones
Provides attachment sites and blood and nervous supplies
Endosteum
Lines inside of bones
Osteon
Singular unit of compact bone tissue
Composed of lamellae surrounding central canal
Lamellae
Concentric circles of bony tissue
Adjacent have opposite collagen fibers
Central canal
Runs through the center of osteons and contains the blood and nerve supply
Lined with endosteum
Perforating canals
Connect central canals with medullary cavity and other osteons
Spread nerve and blood supply
Lacunae
Gaps between lamellae that house osteocytes
Canaliculi
Gab junctions between osteocytes through lamellae that allow for the transport of oxygen and nutrients
Intramembranous ossification
Bone growth directly from mesenchyme
Only for skull and clavicle
Endochondral ossification
Bone growth that follows cartilage framework
Osteoporosis
Low bone mass and deterioration of structures
Common in post-menopausal women
Osteomalacia and Rickets
Bone lacking mineral content
Rickets can cause growth problems in children
Treated with Vitamin D to promote calcium uptake
Paget’s Disease
Excessive bone deposition and remodeling does not allow bones to mature
Osteosarcoma
Bony cancer form excess osteoblast activity
More common in adolescents and young adults
