Chapter 4

Question 1

Epithelial Tissue Functions

Answer 1

Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Diffusion
Filtration
Sensory Reception

Question 2

Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

Answer 2

Cellular
Specialized cell junctions
Polar
Supported by Connective Tissue
Avascular but innervated
Regenerative

Question 3

Tight Junctions

Answer 3

Barrier; Prevent movement across tissues

Question 4

Desmosomes

Answer 4

Anchor cells together and act as an adhesive against mechanical forces

Question 5

Gap Junctions

Answer 5

Serve as a direct passageway between cells to share contents

Question 6

Basal Lamina

Answer 6

Non cellular sheet that acts as a selective filter

Question 7

Basement membrane

Answer 7

Reticular fibers and basal lamina; bind epithelium to underlying tissue

Question 8

Microvilli

Answer 8

Projections that maximize surface area, especially in absorbative tissue

Question 9

Cilia

Answer 9

Whiplike, mobile extensions that aid in movement of substances across surfaces

Question 10

Simple Squamous

Answer 10

1 layer of flat cells
Allows for diffusion and filtration; Secretes in serosa
Location: Kidney, Alveoli, Lining of heart and blood vessels and lymph vessels and ventral cavity

Question 11

Simple epithelia

Answer 11

1 layer

Used for diffusion, secretion, and absorption

Question 12

Stratified epithelia

Answer 12

Multiple layers

Used for protection

Question 13

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 13

1 layer of cube cells
Function in secretion and absorption
Location- Kidney tubules, ducts, and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

Question 14

Simple columnar

Answer 14

1 layer of tall cells
Function- Absorption, secretion of mucus and enzymes, propels mucus
Location-
Nonciliated- GI tract, gallbladder, and excretory ducts
Ciliated- Small bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus

Question 15

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Answer 15

1 irregular layer of tall cells
Function- secretion of mucus and ciliary propulsion
Location- Male sperm ducts and large glands; Trachea and upper respiratory tract

Question 16

Stratified squamous

Answer 16

Top- Flat & Bottom- Cuboidal
Function- Protection from abrasion
Location-
Non-Keratinized- Esophagus, mouth, and vagina
Keratinized- Epidermis

Question 17

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 17

2 layers of cube cells
Function in protection
Location- Largest ducts of mammary, sweat, and salivary glands

Question 18

Stratified columnar

Answer 18

Top- Tall & Base- Cube
Function- Protection and secretion
Location- Male urethra and large ducts

Question 19

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 19

Cell shape changes based on stretch
Found in the ureters, bladder, and urethra
Stretched readily

Question 20

Connective Tissue Characteristics

Answer 20

Few cells, lots of matrix
Extracellular matrix made of ground substance and fibers
Derived from mesenchyme

Question 21

Collagen Fibers

Answer 21

Strong and abundant; Resist tension and provide strength

Question 22

Reticular Fibers

Answer 22

Provide support with slight give

Question 23

Elastic fibers

Answer 23

Stretch and recoil

Question 24

Proper Loose Connective Tissues

Answer 24

Areolar- Model connective tissue
Adipose- Primarily fat and nutrient storage
Reticular- Support in lymph and spleen

Question 25

Proper Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 25

Regular- Tendons, Ligaments, and Aponeuroses
Irregular- Resist tension from all directions; fibrous joint capsules
Elastic- Walls of arteries, bronchial tubes, ligaments of vertebral column

Question 26

Cartilage Types

Answer 26

Hyaline- Embryonic skeleton, end of bones, costal cartilage, nose, trachea, and larynx
Elastic- External ear and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage- Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and discs of knee joints