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Human Anatomy > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Classification of Joints

A

Based on movement
Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses

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2
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immovable joints

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3
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly movable joints

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4
Q

Diarthroses

A

Freely movable joints

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5
Q

Structural Classification of Joints

A

Based on binding material and presence of joint cavity

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6
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Connected by fibrous connective tissue
No joint cavity
Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

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7
Q

Sutures

A

Direct connections between joints
Ex- Skull

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8
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Short ligament connections
Ex- Tibia and fibular joints

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9
Q

Gomphoses

A

Peg-in-socket joints
Ex- Teeth

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10
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Connected by cartilage without joint capsule
Synchondroses and symphyses

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11
Q

Synchondroses

A

Joined by hyaline cartilage
Ex- Epiphyseal plates; ribs and sternum

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12
Q

Symphyses

A

Joined by fibrocartilage
Ex- Vertebra and pubic symphysis

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13
Q

Synovial joints

A

Freely movable joints with joint cavity

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14
Q

Structures in synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage
Joint cavity
Articular capsule
Synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments
Nerve and blood supply
Articular discs
Bursae and tendon sheaths

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15
Q

Articular capsule

A

Surrounds joint and encloses cavity
Made of synovial membrane and fibrous capsule

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16
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Loose connective tissue that forms deep layer of the articular capsule
Secretes synovial fluid

17
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

Dense irregular connective tissue that forms outer layer of articular capsule and strengthens the joint
Continuous with periosteum

18
Q

Three factors that influence joint stability

A

Articular surfaces
Ligaments
Muscle tone (major contributor)

19
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from midline

20
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward midline

21
Q

Dorsiflextion

A

Toes toward shin

22
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Toes toward heel

23
Q

Opposition

A

Move thumb across palm

24
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball-and-socket

25
Q

Plane joints

A

Flat articular surfaces that allow nonaxial gliding movements
Examples- Intercarpal and intertarsal joints

26
Q

Hinge joints

A

Cylinder and trough connection that allow uniaxial angular movements
Examples- Elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints

27
Q

Pivot Joints

A

Sleeve and axle connections that allow uniaxial rotational movement
Examples- Proximal radioulnar joint; atlas and axis

28
Q

Condyloid Joints

A

Oval articular surfaces that allow biaxial movements
Examples- Phalanges and metacarpals

29
Q

Saddle joints

A

Convex and concave portions on both articular surfaces that allow for biaxial movmenets
Example- Thumb

30
Q

Ball-and-socket joints

A

Spherical head meeting round socket that allows for multiaxial movements
Examples- Shoulder and hips

Human Anatomy (23 decks)

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