Chapter 17- Endocrine System Flashcards
Endocrine System Functions
Release hormones into the bloodstream
Pure endocrine organs
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Organs with endocrine cells
Pancreas
Thymus
Gonads
Hypothalamus
Hormones
Circulate throughout bloodstream and influence target cells
Response depends on internal cell structure
Controlled by feedback loops
Humoral Hormone Release Mechanisms
Triggered by concentrations of a particular substance in a fluid
Neural Hormone Release Mechanisms
Stimulated by innervating neurons
Hormonal Hormone Release Mechanism
Stimulated by another hormone
Pituitary Gland
Master Gland
Controlled by Hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Directly innervated by the hypothalamus and release hormones when stimulated
Oxytocin
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)- Increases water conservation
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Connected to hypothalamus by portal veins
Hypothalamus releases hormones into portal veins, which travel to anterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary is impacted by hormones and releases its own into bloodstream
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Leutenizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)- Stimulates adreanal cortex to release cortisol
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid Gland
Located in Neck
Thyroid hormones- Control basal metabolism
Calcitonin- Decrease osteoclast activity
Reduces blood calcium
Parathyroid glands
Located in the neck on thyroid gland
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-
Increase osteoclast activity
Increase blood calcium
Adrenal medulla
Center of adrenal gland
Release norepinephrine and epinephrine-
Sympathetic response
Adrenal cortex
Outer portion of adrenal gland
Hormones:
Aldosterone- Increase blood sodium and water uptake
Cortisol- Stress hormone
Pancreas
Secrete digestive enzymes
Insulin- Reduce blood glucose
Glucagon- Increase blood glucose
Testes
Secrete testosterone
Ovaries
Secrete estrogen and progesterone
Atria of the heart
Secrete atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Reduces blood volume
Hormones secreted by the Kidneys
Renin-
Precursor of aldosterone- Causes thirst and increases blood volume
Erythropoietin- Stimulates RBC production
Gigantism
Hypersecretion of growth hormone throughout childhood
Pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of growth hormone
Acromegaly
Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood
Causes abnormal proportions
Diabetes insipidus
Insufficient ADH- Low water retention
Diabetes mellitus
Type I- Insufficient insulin secretion
Type II- Cells are resistant to insulin effects
