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Human Anatomy > Chapter 20- Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 20- Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of blood vessels

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

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2
Q

Tunica Intima

A

Most internal layer of blood vessels
Simple squamous epithelium
Smooth to reduce friction

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3
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle layer of blood vessels
Smooth muscle that manipulate blood flow and pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation

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4
Q

Tunica externa

A

External layer of blood vessels
Connective tissue that holds vessels in place
Contains vasa vasorum

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5
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

Small blood vessels within large vessels that support large vessels

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6
Q

Lumen

A

Central blood-filled cavity of blood vessels

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7
Q

Artery Characteristics

A

Carry blood away from the heart
Thicker tunica media to dampen surge of blood pressure and velocity
Highest blood pressure

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8
Q

Types of Arteries

A

Elastic
Muscular
Arterioles

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9
Q

Elastic (Conducting) Arteries

A

Largest arteries (2.5 to 1 cm diameter)
Aorta and its major branches
Elastic fibers dampen blood pressure surges

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10
Q

Muscular (Distributing) Arteries

A

1.0 cm to 0.3mm diameter
Most named arteries
Features
Thick tunica media
Elastic laminae

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11
Q

Elastic laminae

A

Provides stretch to muscular arteries
Internal elastic laminae lines lume
External elastic laminae surrounds tunica media

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12
Q

Arterioles

A

0.3mm to 10nanometer diameter
Ranging layer presence and thickness
Controlled by local and sympathetic factors

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13
Q

Capillaries

A

Small vessels with diameters from 8-10 nanometers
Site of material exchange within body

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14
Q

Forces driving capillary exchange

A

Diffusion
Blood pressure- Arterial > Venous

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15
Q

Capillary Beds

A

Network of capillaries running throughout tissues
Blood flow is regulated by precapillary sphincters

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16
Q

Types of Capillaries

A

Continuous- Common; most tissues
Fenestrated- Have pores to assist with filtration and absorption; Found in small intestine and kidneys

17
Q

What factors influence capillary permeability?

A

Endothelial cell junctions
Intercellular clefts (pores)

18
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood toward the heart
Contain valves to prevent backflow
Low blood pressure and conduction velocity
Contain large lumens

19
Q

Mechanisms to overcome low venous pressure

A

Valves
Contraction of skeletal muscles

20
Q

Types of veins

A

Postcapillary venules- Smallest
Venules- 3-100 nanometers
Veins- Anything else

21
Q

Anastomoses

A

Interconnections of blood vessels to provide collateral channels through tissue
More common in veins than arteries

22
Q

Aortic Sections

A

Ascending aorta- Arises from left ventricle; Coronary artery branches off
Aortic arch- Looping segment with 3 major branches
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid
Left subclavian artery
Descending aorta- Travels through diaphragm

Human Anatomy (23 decks)

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