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Human Anatomy > Chapter 21- Lymphatic and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 21- Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Components of Lymphatic and Immune Systems

A

Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphocytes- White Blood Cells
Lymphoid tissue and organs

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2
Q

Lymphoid vessels

A

Lymph capillaries
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph Trunks
Lymph ducts

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3
Q

Lymphoid vessels functions

A

Collect lymph and deliver to brachiocephalic veins
Filter lymph

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4
Q

Lymph

A

Excess fluid and molecules surrounding capillary beds
Tissue fluid and blood proteins

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5
Q

Lymphoid Capillaries

A

First receive lymph from capillary bed
Contain 1-way valves to increase uptake
Receives bacteria, viruses, and some cancer cells

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6
Q

Lymphatic collecting vessels

A

Run alongside blood vessels with similar structure
Move lymph with force from skeletal muscles, arterial pressure, and tunica media

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7
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Lymphoid tissue scattered in clusters along collecting vessels
Filters lymph and cleanses of pathogens
Contain macrophages and lymphocytes in reticular fibers
Site of most antigenic challenges

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8
Q

Lymph trunks

A

Major vessels for lymph to travel
Lumbar (lower limbs)
Intestinal (digestive organs)
Bronchomediastinal (Thoracic viscera)
Subclavian (Upper limbs and trunk)
Jugular (head and neck)

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9
Q

Lymph ducts

A

Drainage point of lymph into blood circulation
Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct

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10
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Empties into right internal jugular and right subclavian veins
Serves superior right quarter of the body

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11
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Empties at the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins
Serves 3/4 of body

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12
Q

Cisterna chyli

A

Joining of lumbar and intestinal trunks, start of thoracic duct

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13
Q

Lacteals

A

Specialized lymphatic capillaries in small intestine that uptake digested fats

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14
Q

Chyle

A

Fatty lymph absorbed by lacteals

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15
Q

Immune System

A

Recognize specific foreign molecules and destroys pathogens
Made of lymphocytes and lymphoid tissue/organs

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16
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Originate in bone marrow and undergo maturation to gain immunocompetence
Types of lymphocytes-
Cytotoxic T cells
B lymphocytes
Effector lymphocytes
Memory lymphocytes

17
Q

Lymphocyte maturation

A

Gain ability to recognize unique antigen
T cells- Thymus gland
B cells- Bone marrow
Product- Naive cell that reside in lymph nodes

18
Q

Effector Lymphocytes

A

Formed when naive cells are first presented with a pathogen
Short-lived immediately attack pathogens and are destroyed

19
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A

Attack foreign cells directly
Bind to cells, perforate membrane, and initiate apoptosis
Effective against viral and cancerous cells

20
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Become plasma cells that secrete antibodies that mark cells for destruction by macrophages
Respond to 1 particular toxin- best against bacteria and bacterial toxins

21
Q

Memory lymphocytes

A

Formed by cells after exposure to pathogen
Circulate in plasma until repeat encounter

22
Q

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

A

Makes up mucous membrane of digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
Respond first to pathogens and trigger immune responses
Fight incoming bacteria and produce memory lymphocytes

23
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

Intestinal lymph nodes

24
Q

Lymphoid Organs

A

Thymus
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Appendix

25
Q

Thymus gland

A

Most active in childhood
Site of T lymphocyte maturation
Secretes thymic hormones
Responsible for self-tolerance

26
Q

Spleen

A

White pulp- Internal sleeves of spleen; Remove blood-borne pathogens and immune functions of spleen
Red pulp- Surrounds white pulp; Disposes of worn-out blood cells
Largest lymphoid organ
Produces RBC during fetal period

27
Q

Tonsils

A

Swellings of mucosa around pharynx that gather and remove pathogens
Underlying tissue contains MALT

28
Q

Groups of tonsils

A

Palatine- Oropharynx
Lingual- Base of tongue
Pharyngeal (Adenoids)- Nasopharynx
Tubal- Larynx

29
Q

Appendix

A

Offshoot of cecum that contains lymphatic tissue

Human Anatomy (23 decks)

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