Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Chapter 24- Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 24- Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Urinary System

A

Maintain chemical consistency of blood
Filter fluid from blood
Send toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess water from body
Rid waste products like urea, uric acid, and creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanisms of Urine Production

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Filtration

A

Non-specific, filters all small molecules
Occurs in renal corpuscle
Filtrate leaves capillaries and enters urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reabsorption

A

Most nutrients, water, and ions are reclaimed from filtrate in tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secretion

A

Active process of removing undesirable molecules from blood
Pushes substance from blood to tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hilus of Kidney

A

Concave surface where renal blood vessels, nerves, and ureter meet kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Internal kidney anatomy

A

Cortex- Portion distal to renal blood vessels, contains nephrons
Medulla- Passage for urine toward ureter, internal, contains pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uriniferous tubule

A

Functional unit containing nephron and collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Collecting duct

A

Concentrates and stores urine
Connects to medullary pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nephron

A

Site of urine production
Contains Renal Corpuscle and Tubular Segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Site of filtration
Contain glomerulus (blood vessels) and glomerular (bowman’s) capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glomerulus

A

Fenestrated capillaries that serve as the site of filtration
Blood filtrate leaves the circulatory system and into urinary system
Filtration driven by higher blood pressure in afferent than efferent blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood Filter Components

A

Fenestration of capillaries
Feet-like projections on podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule

A

Epithelial sac surrounding glomerulus that receives filtrate
Parietal layer- Wall of capsule, simple squamous epithelium
Visceral layer- Covers blood vessels, podocytes that assist in filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Section of the Nephron Tubule

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Drains into collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of Nephron Tubule

A

Surrounded by a secondary capillary bed (peritubular capillaries) from efferent arterioles
Site of reabsorption and secretion

17
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A

Junction of distal convoluted tubule with afferent and efferent arterioles
Contain juxtaglomerular cells that detect stretch and secrete renin
Macula densa is chemoreceptor that controls renin

18
Q

Renin

A

Hormone secreted by kidney structures that lead to the increase of water uptake and blood pressure

19
Q

Types of nephrons

A

Cortical- 85%; stay mostly in cortex
Juxtamedullary- 15%, have vasa recta and dive deeper into medulla, produce concentrated urine

20
Q

Path of Urine formation

A

Glomerulus
Renal tubules
Collecting duct
Pyramids of medulla
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

21
Q

Ureters

A

Transport urine to urinary bladder
Layers-
Mucosa made of transitional epithelium
Muscularis-
Inner longitudinal layer
Outer circular layer
Adventitia- Retroperitoneal connective tissue lining

22
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Collapsible muscular sac that stores and expels urine
Detrusor muscle- Contracts to expel urine

23
Q

Urethra

A

Connection from urinary bladder to outside of body
Female- 3-4cm
Males- 20+ cm
Epithelial lining-
Transitional near bladder
Stratified and pseudostratified columnar
Stratified squamous

24
Q

Urethral sphincters

A

Inner- Involuntary smooth muscle
External- Skeletal muscle

25
Q

Portions of male urethra

A

Prostatic- Passes through prostate
Membranous- Passes through urogenital diaphragm
Spongy- Passes through penis

26
Q

Micturition

A

Urination

27
Q

Nervous control of Urination

A

Visceral afferent detect stretch
Control center in pons
Sympathetic neurons are inhibited
Parasympathetic neurson contract detrusor and relax internal urethral sphincter
Somatic motor neurons relax external urethral sphincter

Human Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions