Movement- Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum

Question 1

basal ganglia

Answer 1

cluster of subcortical nuclei, help make decisions, help form habits, involved in initiation of movement includes thalamus, striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), globus pallidus, substantia nigra

Question 2

caudate nucleus

Answer 2

part of striatum, cognitive function

Question 3

putamen

Answer 3

part of striatum, rudimentary motor planning

Question 4

striatum

Answer 4

input

Question 5

globus pallidus

Answer 5

output

Question 6

substantia nigra

Answer 6

midbrain, learning

Question 7

inputs and outputs to BG

Answer 7

prefrontal cortex, SMA/PMA, and posterior parietal cortex provide excitatory input to BG. BG sends inhibitory info to thalamus (prevents motor processes that we do not want to do). Thalamus sends excitatory info to primary motor cortex (tonic activation, boosts plans we want to do).

Question 8

internal circutry of BG

Answer 8

excitatory input from frontal cortex neuron synpases onto inhibitiry neuron in putamen, excitatory neuron in substantia nigra boosts the inhibition of the inhibition, inhibitory neuron synapses unto another inhibitory neuron in the globus pallidus, excitatory neuron in subthalamus synapses onto this second inhibitory neuron, this inhibitory neuron synapses onto excitatory neuron that starts in the VL and ends in the SMA

Question 9

cerebellum

Answer 9

helps modify motor plan through coordination and timing, uses error detection to adapt: learning in response to moment to moment feedback from sensory system

Question 10

inputs and outputs to cerebellum

Answer 10

excitatory inputs from prefrontal cortex, SMA/PMA, and sensory areas. inhibition circutry in cerebellum. excitatory output to thalamus. Output from thalamus to primary motor cortex.

Question 11

purkinje neurons

Answer 11

inhibitory neurons in cerebellar cortex