Mental illness

Question 1

mental illness carries the highest disease burden

Answer 1

causes inability to function, affects younger generation more

Question 2

prevalence

Answer 2

higher in females, symptoms start early and you live with them for a while, difference in ethnicity may be due to access to care and how openly people talk about it

Question 3

what is considered mental illness?

Answer 3

dysfunction in thinking, emotion, and/or behavior

distrubances distress the person greatly and/or interfere with daily life

Question 4

categories

Answer 4

anxiety, mood, SCZ and psychotic, dementia, eating, addiction

Question 5

symptoms of SCZ

Answer 5

positive (adding these symptoms): delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

negative (taking away normal activities): reduced expression of emotion (flat affect), poverty of speech, difficulty in initiating goal-directed behaviors

cognitive: working memory impairment, attention deficit, poor executive function

BUT, no trends to generalize all cases

Question 6

numbers of SCZ

Answer 6

1% of population, 24 avg age of peak onset, 2.6 mortality odds, 1.4 male vs female, 20 years less of life

Question 7

dopamine hypothesis

Answer 7

amphetamines- act like dopaine (agonist), overdose causes SCZ like symptoms

dopamine antagonist blocks dopamine receptors- works as a treatment to reduce positive sympotms but has no effect on negative symptoms

I: general hyperdopaminergia

II: frontal hypodopaminergia and striatal hyperdopaminergia

III: D2 receptor related presynaptic dopamine dysregulation that impairs stimuli appraisal, precipiating psychosis symptoms

Question 8

glutamate hypothesis

Answer 8

ketamine and PCP- block glutamate receptors (antagonist)- cause SCZ like symptoms

Question 9

GABA hypothesis

Answer 9

reduced number of GABAergic neurons

Question 10

SCZ is heritable

Answer 10

Question 11

MHC

Answer 11

Question 12

connectivity dysfunction

Answer 12

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