Module 9 Part 2 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Question 1

Question

Answer 1

Answer

Question 2

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 2

PID is an acute inflammatory condition resulting from an infection in the upper female genital tract, involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and sometimes the peritoneal cavity.

Question 3

Which infections are commonly associated with PID, and how do they spread?

Answer 3

Common infections linked to PID include chlamydia and gonorrhea. These infections often spread from the vagina to the upper genital organs.

Question 4

Apart from chlamydia and gonorrhea, which other microorganisms can contribute to PID?

Answer 4

Microorganisms like cytomegalovirus (CMV), Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium may also be associated with PID.

Question 5

What are some risk factors for developing PID?

Answer 5

Risk factors for PID include untreated prior sexually transmitted infections (STIs), having multiple sexual partners, early sexual activity, douching, and the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) for birth control. Additionally, medical procedures like abortions and childbirth can lead to PID.

Question 6

What factors influence the development of upper genital tract infections leading to PID?

Answer 6

Factors like the virulence of the microorganism, the amount of microorganisms introduced, and the individual’s immune defense status play a role in PID development.

Question 7

How does PID usually begin in terms of infection location?

Answer 7

PID often starts with microbes ascending from the infected cervix into the uterus and adnexae, potentially involving the fallopian tubes and tubo-ovarian region.

Question 8

What are the primary infectious causes of PID?

Answer 8

Gonorrhea and chlamydia, both sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are the main infectious causes of PID.

Question 9

What role do anaerobic bacteria play in increasing the risk of PID?

Answer 9

Anaerobic bacteria can alter the vaginal environment’s pH and compromise the integrity of the cervical mucus barrier, increasing the risk of PID.

Question 10

What is the polymicrobial nature of PID?

Answer 10

PID is typically caused by multiple microorganisms, even though gonorrhea and chlamydia are the primary pathogens.