Module 9 Part 2 Chronic Pyelonephritis Flashcards
Question
Answer
What is chronic pyelonephritis, and what does it lead to?
Chronic pyelonephritis involves persistent or recurrent kidney infections that cause scarring in one or both kidneys.
Why is it challenging to determine the specific cause of chronic pyelonephritis?
The cause is often associated with recurrent infections originating from acute pyelonephritis.
Which individuals are at a higher risk of developing chronic pyelonephritis?
Those with obstructive conditions in the urinary tract, such as renal stones and vesicoureteral reflux, are at a higher risk.
How does urinary tract obstruction contribute to the development of chronic pyelonephritis?
Urinary tract obstruction prevents the elimination of bacteria from the kidneys, initiating a process of progressive inflammation and tissue damage.
What changes occur in the renal pelvis, calyces, and tubules as a consequence of urinary tract obstruction?
These changes include damage to the tubules, atrophy or dilation, and the development of widespread scarring.
What are the long-term consequences of chronic pyelonephritis?
Chronic pyelonephritis can lead to impaired urine-concentrating ability and may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Why are the characteristic lesions of chronic pyelonephritis sometimes referred to as chronic interstitial nephritis?
This term is used because the inflammation and fibrosis primarily occur in the interstitial spaces between the kidney tubules.
What are the early symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis?
Early symptoms may include hypertension (high blood pressure), frequent urination, painful urination (dysuria), and flank pain.
What can happen as chronic pyelonephritis progresses, especially in the presence of specific conditions?
The condition can lead to kidney failure, particularly when there is underlying obstructive uropathy (urinary tract blockage) or coexisting conditions like diabetes mellitus.
Which diagnostic tools are commonly used to assess chronic pyelonephritis?
Diagnostic methods such as urinalysis, intravenous pyelography (a kidney imaging technique), and ultrasound are used for evaluation.
How does treatment for chronic pyelonephritis relate to the underlying cause of the condition?
Treatment is closely related to addressing the underlying cause. If there is a urinary tract obstruction, it must be relieved.
What role do antibiotics play in the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis?
In cases of infection associated with chronic pyelonephritis, healthcare providers may prescribe antibiotics.
When might recurrent infections in chronic pyelonephritis require prolonged antibiotic therapy?
Prolonged antibiotic therapy may be necessary for recurrent infections associated with chronic pyelonephritis.
