Module 2 - Structure and Function of the hematological systm Flashcards
Blood volumes amounts to how many L in adults?
5.5 L
What is the composition of blood?
- It is made up of various cells - suspended in a solution of protein and inorganic materials (plasma).
- Solution is approximately 92% water and 8% solutes
List the functions of blood
- delivery of substances needed for cellular metabolism in the tissues
- removal of wastes
- defence against invading organisms or injury
- maintenance of acid-base balance
Plasma protein accounts for how much percentage in blood for adults?
50-55%
Describe Plasma
- complex liquid - has organic and inorganic parts
- concentration depends on diet, metabolic demand, hormones, and vitamins
How does plasma differ from serum?
Serum is plasma that has been allowed to clot in the lab to remove fibrinogen and other clotting factors that may interfere with diagnostic tests.
What is the function of water in the plasma?
medium for carrying all constituents
What is the function of electrolytes in the plasma?
Maintenance of H2O in extracellular compartment. Acts as buffers and function in membrane excitability
What is the function of protein in the plasma?
Provision of colloid osmotic pressure of plasma, act as buffers
What is the function of CO2 in plasma?
By product of oxygenation; most co2 content is from HCO3- and acts as a buffer
What are the 2 major groups of protein in the plasma?
albumin and globulins
Which organ produces most of plasma proteins?
liver
What do plasma cells in the lymph nodes produce?
antibodies
This protein composes 60% of plasma protein?
Albumin
This protein acts as a carrier molecule for components of blood and medications.
Albumin
What is the key role of albumin?
regulation of the passage of water and solutes through capillaries.
What does the albumin help maintain?
It helps maintain the critical colloidal osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) that regulates the passage of fluids and electrolytes into the surrounding tissues.
How are globulins classified?
By their movement compared.
What are the different types of globulin?
-alpha globulins (those moving most closely to albumin),
-beta globulins, and gamma globulins (those with the least movement).
This is a major plasma protein that is about 4% of total plasma. It would move between the beta and gamma regions but is removed during the formation of serum.
Fibrinogen
What does the gamma-globulin region mostly consist of?
antibodies
What are the functions of plasma proteins?
- clotting
- defence
- transport
- regulation
What does clotting factors do?
Promote coagulation and stop bleeding from damaged blood vessels.
What is fibrinogen?
Most plentiful of the clotting factors and precursor to fibrin clot.