Module 9 Part 2 Bites Flashcards
Describe the first-line antibiotic choice for mild infections from cat, dog, wild animal, or human bites in adults.
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) is the first-line antibiotic choice for mild infections from bites in adults.
What are the second-line antibiotics that can be used for mild bite infections in adults (first day and thereafter)?
Cefuroxime (Ceftin) or doxycycline (Vibramycin) can be used as second-line antibiotics for mild bite infections in adults.
Define the antibiotic used as the first-line treatment for moderate to severe bite infections in adults and children.
Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) is the first-line antibiotic treatment for moderate to severe bite infections in adults and children.
What are the alternative antibiotic choices for bite infections in adults who are allergic to β-lactam antibiotics?
Clindamycin (Cleocin) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) are alternative antibiotic choices for bite infections in adults allergic to β-lactam antibiotics.
How long is the usual duration of treatment for bite infections?
The usual duration of treatment for bite infections is 5-14 days.
Describe how to manage wounds from cat, dog, wild animal, or human bites.
Wounds from bites should be thoroughly cleaned with soap and water, and may require irrigation, debridement, and closure.
What should be done regarding immunization for rabies and tetanus prophylaxis in bite cases?
Immunization for rabies and tetanus prophylaxis should be considered in bite cases, based on individual risk assessment.
When is antibiotic prophylaxis typically recommended for bite wounds?
Antibiotic prophylaxis is typically recommended for bite wounds that are moderate to severe, involve the hand, face, or genitalia, or have delayed presentation.
Why are cat bites considered particularly high risk?
Cat bites are considered high risk due to the high likelihood of infection with Pasteurella multocida, which can cause severe infections.
What antibiotics are suggested for prophylaxis in pediatric patients, and for how long?
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) or cefuroxime (Ceftin) are suggested for prophylaxis in pediatric patients, for a duration of 3-5 days.
Describe the suggested treatment for Pasteurella multocida infections from bites.
The suggested treatment for Pasteurella multocida infections from bites is amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) or a combination of a β-lactam antibiotic and a β-lactamase inhibitor.
Why are tetracyclines generally not recommended for children under 9 years of age?
Tetracyclines are generally not recommended for children under 9 years of age due to the risk of tooth discoloration and impaired bone growth.
Describe the outpatient treatment approach for moderate to severe bite wounds, and what antibiotics are typically used?
The outpatient treatment approach for moderate to severe bite wounds involves wound care, oral antibiotics (such as amoxicillin-clavulanate or doxycycline), and close follow-up.
Describe the importance of metronidazole for human bites.
Metronidazole is important for human bites because it provides coverage against anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the oral cavity, which can cause serious infections.
What is an alternative antibiotic for individuals with multiple drug allergies?
An alternative antibiotic for individuals with multiple drug allergies is TMP/SMX (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) PO/IV or Ciprofloxacin.
What is the first-line antibiotic choice for treating Lyme disease in adults?
The first-line antibiotic choice for treating Lyme disease in adults is Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for the first day, then 100 mg once daily.
What antibiotics are considered for second-line treatment in adults with Lyme disease?
Second-line treatment options for adults with Lyme disease include Amoxicillin/Clavulanate 500 mg three times daily or Ceftriaxone IM/IV.
Which antibiotic is used as a third-line treatment for adults with Lyme disease?
Ceftriaxone IM/IV is used as a third-line treatment for adults with Lyme disease.
What is the first-line treatment for Lyme disease in children?
The first-line treatment for Lyme disease in children is Amoxicillin/Clavulanate 500 mg three times daily.
When should Ceftriaxone IV be considered in children with Lyme disease?
Ceftriaxone IV should be considered in children with Lyme disease when there is central nervous system involvement or other severe manifestations.
Describe the type of wounds that cat bites tend to cause.
Cat bites tend to cause deep puncture wounds.
What is the usual duration of prophylactic treatment for cat bites?
The usual prophylactic treatment for cat bites is 3 to 5 days.
When should prophylaxis and appropriate antibiotics be considered for Pasteurella multocida infections?
Prophylaxis and appropriate antibiotics should be considered for Pasteurella multocida infections, which can be fast-growing.
What potential adverse effects can tetracyclines have on children?
Tetracyclines may have potential adverse effects on growing teeth and bones in children.
How should a patient with a human bite be treated initially?
A patient with a human bite should be treated with 1 g ceftriaxone IV or IM for 2-4 days, followed by oral antibiotics, often amoxicillin.
