Module 9 Part 2 Patho Laryngotracheobronchitis Croup Flashcards
Question
Answer
Who is most commonly affected by croup?
Croup mainly occurs in children between 6 months and 5 years of age, with the peak incidence around 2 years.
What is the primary cause of croup in 85% of cases?
Parainfluenza virus is the most common cause of croup in 85% of cases.
What is the main pathophysiology of viral croup?
Viral croup involves inflammation and edema in the subglottic region, narrowing the airway, especially at the cricoid cartilage. This increased resistance to airflow can lead to breathing difficulties.
What are the initial symptoms of croup in children?
Initially, children with croup may experience rhinorrhea, sore throat, and a low-grade fever.
What are the later symptoms of croup?
Later, they develop a distinctive barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarse voice. The characteristics of these symptoms can indicate where the airway is obstructed.
Do most cases of croup require hospitalization?
No, most cases of croup resolve spontaneously within 24 to 48 hours and do not require hospital admission.
How might severe croup present in a child?
Severe croup may present with deep retractions, pronounced stridor, agitation, tachycardia, and occasionally pallor or cyanosis.
What determines the level of treatment for croup in children?
The severity of croup symptoms determines the necessary level of treatment.
Do most children with croup require treatment?
No, most children with croup do not require treatment. They are typically alert, playful, and able to eat.
What type of medication can improve croup symptoms?
Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone or budesonide, can improve croup symptoms.
When should a child with croup receive inpatient treatment and observation?
Children with severe symptoms, including stridor at rest, moderate or severe chest retractions, or agitation, may require inpatient treatment and observation.
What is the purpose of nebulized epinephrine in croup treatment?
Nebulized epinephrine is used to reduce mucosal edema and airway secretions in cases of acute respiratory distress.
In what situations can heliox be used in croup treatment?
Heliox, a helium-oxygen mixture, can be used in severe croup cases to improve airflow in the narrowed airway. However, it is not a routine treatment.
