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psych > Mod 8 > Flashcards

Mod 8 Flashcards

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1
Q 
topics to dream about: 
… and sleep 
theories of why … 
sleep … and sleep …
… and … we dream
A

biological rhythms; we need sleep; deprivation; disorders; what; why

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2
Q

when sleeping, are we fully … and “dead to the world?? Or is the window to consciousness open?
Consider that: we move around, but how do we stop ourselves from falling out of bed? we sometimes incorporate … into our dreams. some noises (our own baby’s cry) wake us more … than others

A

unconscious; real-world noises; easily

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3
Q

How do we learn about sleep and dreams?
we can monitor … and … during sleep
we can expose the sleeping person to … and …, and then examine the effects on the brain (waves) and mind (memory)
we can wake people and see which … state goes with which …/… state

A

EEG/brain waves; muscle movements; noise; words; mental; brain; body

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4
Q

sleep and biological rhythms:
… biological “clock”
… sleep cycle

A

24 hour; 90 minute

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5
Q

(daily rhythms and sleep) the circadian (“about a day”) rhythm refers to the body’s … cycle, roughly matched to the day/night cycle of … and …

A

natural 24-hr; light; dark

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6
Q

(daily rhythms and sleep) over the 24 hr cycle, the following factors vary, rising and falling over the course of the day and night:
…
…/…
…

A

body temperature; arousal; energy; mental sharpness

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7
Q

(daily rhythms and sleep) daily rhythms vary from person to person and with age. General peaks in alertness
evening peak- … year old “owls”
morning peak: … year old “larks”

A

20; 50

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8
Q

sleep stages and sleep cycles. what is measured?
… and … movements
… (…)
… (…)

A

left and right eye; EMG; muscle tension; EEG; brain waves

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9
Q

sleep stages refer to distinct patterns of … and … that are associated with different types of … and …

A

brain waves; muscle activity; consciousness; sleep

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10
Q

sleep cycles refer to the patterns of … through all the sleep stages over the night. We “cycle” through all the sleep stages in about … on average

A

sleep stages; 90 minutes

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11
Q

…. waves are the relatively slow brain waves of a …, awake state

A

alpha; relaxed

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12
Q

falling asleep:
yawning creates a brief boost in … as your brain metabolism is …
your breathing …
brain waves become … and ….
you may have … as you fall asleep
your brain waves change from … waves to …

A

alertness; slowing down; slows down; slower; irregular; hallucinations; alpha; NREM-1

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13
Q

non-rem sleep stages: getting deeper into sleep but not … yet
there’s NREM-1, NREM-2, and NREM-3

A

dreaming

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14
Q

Eugene Aserinsky’s discovery (1953): dreams occurred during periods of … and … [… sleep]

A

wild brain activity; rapid eye movements; REM

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15
Q

during REM:

… rises and … becomes rapid

A

heart rate; breathing

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16
Q

during REM:
“…” occurs when the brainstem blocks the motor cortex’s messages and the muscles … This is sometimes known as “…”; the brain is … but the body is …

A

sleep paralysis; don’t move; paradoxical sleep; active; immobile

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17
Q

during REM:

genitals are … (not caused by dream content) and stay this way after REM is over

A

aroused

18
Q

the length of REM sleep … the longer you remain asleep. With age, there are more … and less …

A

increases; awakenings; deep sleep

19
Q

the amount and pattern of sleep is affected by …, …, …, and …

A

biology; age; culture; individual variation

20
Q

age: in general, newborns need .. hrs of sleep, while adults need … hrs or less

A

16; 8

21
Q

individual (genetic) variation: some people function best with … hrs of sleep, others with … hrs or more

A

6; 9

22
Q

culture: north americans sleep … than others, and less than they used to, perhaps bc of the use of light bulbs

A

less

23
Q

.. and the .. regulate sleep

A

light; brain

24
Q

the circadian rhythm is hard to … this rhythm can be affected by light, which suppresses the relaxing hormone …

A

shift; melatonin

25
Q 
sleep … our ancestors from  predators 
sleep … and .. the brain and body 
sleep builds and strengthens … 
sleep facilitates creative … 
sleep is the time when … are active
A

protected; restores; repairs; memories; problem solving; growth hormones

26
Q 
research shows that inadequate sleep can make you more likely to: 
lose … 
gain … 
get … 
be … 
feel …
A

brainpower; weight; sick; irritable; old

27
Q

sleep loss results in more …, probably caused by impaired attention and slower reaction time

A

accidents

28
Q

(sleep disorders) insomnia: persistent inability to … or …

A

fall asleep; stay asleep

29
Q

(sleep disorders) narcolepsy (“numb seizure”): …, even a collapse into …, at inopportune times

A

sleep attacks; REM/paralyzed sleep

30
Q

(sleep disorders) sleep apnea (“with no breath”): repeated awakening after …; time in bed is not restorative sleep

A

breathing stops

31
Q

night terrors refer to sudden scared-looking behavior, with … and …

A

rapid heartbeat; breathing

32
Q

sleepwalking and sleeptalking …, so there is a possible genetic basis. These behaviors mostly affect …, and occur in … sleep. They are not considered dreaming

A

run in families; children; NREM-3;

33
Q

dreams often include some … event or emotion, especially … dreams (being pursued, attacked, rejected, or having bad luck)

A

negative; failure

34
Q

dreams do NOT often include …

A

sexuality

35
Q

we may incorporate real-world sounds and other stimuli into dreams. dreams also include images from …, …, or … experiences

A

recent; traumatic; frequent

36
Q

dreams are the stream of …, …, and … experienced while in REM sleep

A

images; actions; feelings

37
Q

Sigmund Freud believed there was often a hidden … content (conflicts, worries, and urges) underneath the symbolic … content (the plot, actions, and images recalled) of dreams

A

latent; manifest

38
Q

(theories about dream function)wish fulfillment (psychoanalytic theory): dreams provide a “psychic safety valve”; they often express otherwise …, and contain both manifest (remembered) content and a latent content (hidden meaning)

A

unacceptable feelings

39
Q

(theories about dream function) information-processing: dreams help us sort out the day’s … and consolidate our …

A

events; memories

40
Q

(theories about dream function) physiological function: regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve …

A

neural pathways

41
Q

(theories about dream function) activation-synthesis: REM sleep triggers impulses that evoke …, which our sleeping brain weaves into …

A

random visual memories; stories

42
Q

(theories about dream function) cognitive-developmental theory: dream content reflects the dreamers’ …-his or her … and …

A

cognitive development; knowledge; understanding

psych (28 decks)

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