Mod 17

Question 1

Sensation: the process by which our … and … receive and represent … from our environment –> the brain receives input from the …

Answer 1

sensory receptors; nervous system; stimulus energies; sensory organs

Question 2

perception: the process of … and … sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful … and … –> the brain makes sense out of the … from sensory organs

Answer 2

organizing; interpreting; objects; events; input

Question 3

bottom-up processing: taking sensory information and then

Answer 3

assembling and integrating it

Question 4

top-down processing: using models, ideas, and expectations to

Answer 4

interpret sensory information

Question 5

the process of sensation can be seen as three steps: …, …, and …

Answer 5

reception; transduction; transmission

Question 6

reception: the stimulation of … by … (sound, light, heat, etc.)

Answer 6

sensory receptor cells; energy

Question 7

transduction: … this cell stimulation into …

Answer 7

transformation; neural impulses

Question 8

transmission: … this neural information to the … to be …

Answer 8

delivering; brain; processed

Question 9

signal detection theory refers to whether or not we …, esp amidst background noise. this depends not just on … of the stimulus but on … such as the person’s …, ..,. .., and …

Answer 9

detect a stimulus; intensity; psychological factors; experience; expectations; motivations; alertness

Question 10

the absolute threshold refers to the minimum level of … needed to … half the time

Answer 10

stimulus intensity; detect a stimulus

Question 11

anything below the absolute threshold is considered …

Answer 11

subliminal

Question 12

subliminal: below our threshold for being able to …

Answer 12

consciously detect a stimulus

Question 13

although we cannot learn complex knowledge from subliminal stimuli, we can be …, and this will affect our subsequent choices

Answer 13

primed

Question 14

difference threshold refers to the minimum … (in color, pitch, weight, temp, etc.) for a person to be able to … half the time

Answer 14

difference; detect the difference

Question 15

Weber’s law refers to the principle that for two stimuli to be perceived as different, they must differ by a …. and not a … (e.g. 1/100th of the weight, not 2 ounces):

Answer 15

minimum percentage; constant amount

Question 16

to detect novelty in our surroundings, our senses tune out a …

Answer 16

constant stimulus

Question 17

perceptual set is what we …, which influences what we … perceptual set is an example of … processing

Answer 17

expect to see; do see; top-down

Question 18

(experiments show that) destinations seem farther when you’re ….
a target looks … when your crossbow is heavier
a hill looks … with a heavy backpack, or after sad music, or when walking alone
something you … looks closer

Answer 18

tired; farther; steeper; desire