Mod 11 Flashcards
behavior genetics: study how heredity and environment contribute to …
human differences
genes: the building blocks of heredity and development; genes are parts of .. , which are found in chromosomes in the nuclei of cells
DNA molecules
chromosomes are made of …, which are made of …
chromosome: threadlike structure made largely of DNA molecules
DNA: a spiraling, complex molecules containing genes
DNA; genes
the human genome includes includes … chromosomes in 23 sets matched sets; each chromosome has the same …
this includes the X and Y chromosomes, not a matched set in males, who are missing some genes on the Y
46; gene locations
A biological parent donates … his/her set of chromosomes to his/her offspring
half
we received half a set of chromosomes from each …
biological parent
the genome: an organism’s entire collection of
genes
human genomes are so nearly … that we can speak of one universal human genome
identical
genes are … that have the ability to direct the assembly of … that build the body. this genetic protein assembly can be turned on and off by the …., or by other genes. Any trait we see is a result of the complex interactions of many genes and countless other molecules
molecules; proteins; environment;
fraternal “twins” from separate eggs are not any more genetically alike than
other siblings
to assess the impact of nature and nurture, how do we examine how genes make a difference within the same environment?
study traits of … vs …
see if the siblings vary more than twins
siblings; identical twins
studies of twins in adulthood show that identical twins are more alike than fraternal twins in:
… such as extraversion (sociability) and neuroticism (emotional instability)
…/… such as the rate of divorce
… such as overall intelligence test scores
personality traits; behaviors; outcomes; abilities
similarities found in identical twins despite being raised in different homes: …, styles of … and … …/… test scores … …, … specific … …, …
personality; thinking; relating; abilities; intelligence; attitudes; interests; tastes; fears; brain waves; heart rate
studies have been performed with adopted children for whom the biological relatives are known. findings: adopted children seem to be more similar to their … relatives than their …/…. relatives
genetic; environmental/nurture
despite the strong impact of genetics on personality, parenting has an influence on: ... beliefs .. … … … …
religious; values; manners; attitudes; politics; habits
if parenting has an influence, why are siblings so different?
siblings only share … their genes
genetic differences become … as people react to them differently
siblings are raised in slightly different families; the youngest has more older siblings and has older (wiser? more tired?) parents
half; amplified;
… is another difference not caused by parenting. from infancy into adulthood, most people do not seem to change … (defined as a person’s general level and style of … reactivity)
temperament; temperament; emotional
according to some researchers, three general types of temperament appear in infancy: …, …, slow to …
easy; difficult; warm up
evolutionary psychology is the study of how evolutionary principles help explain the … and … of the human mind, traits, and behaviors
origin; function
some topics in evolutionary psychology:
… and …
evolutionary success may help explain …
an evolutionary explanation of .. .
natural selection; adaptation; similarities; human sexuality
Dmitri balyaev and Lyudmila trut spent 40 yrs selecting the most gentle, friendly, and tame foxes from a fox population, and having those reproduce. as a result, they were able to shape avoidant and aggressive creatures into … ones, just as wolves were once shaped into dogs
social
a possible human genetic legacy: ‘illogical’ moral reasoning
it might be ‘logical’ to kill one innocent person if it would enable five other innocent people to live. research shows that most people can imagine .., but cannot picture …
letting the one person die; killing the person themselves
mating preferences:
first issue-quantity (of mating)
generally, men think more than women about …, and men are more likely to think that casual sex is …
why might natural selection have resulted in greater male promiscuity? men who had the trait of promiscuity were more likely to have their genes … and even … in the next generation. and there is little … to spreading extra genes
for women, a trait of promiscuity would not greatly increase the number of babies, and it would have greater …
sex; acceptable; continue; spread; cost; survival costs
