Mod 30 Flashcards
assessment refers to the activity and instruments used to
measure intelligence
the challenge is to make the assessment instruments … (measure what they are supposed to measure) and … (yielding the same score if administered again, even if admin
stered by someone else)
valid; reliable
why try to measure intelligence?
to study how (and why) people differ in …
to match strengths and weaknesses to .. and … programs
to help the “survival of the fittest” process; trying to select the people who have the greatest abilities
ability; jobs; school
problem: in the late 1800s, a new law in France required universal education even for those without the ability to succeed with the current instruction. solution: Alfred binet devised tests for children to determine which ones … he hoped to predict a child’s level of … in regular education
needed help; success
Alfred Binet assumed that all children follow the same course of …, some going more quickly, and others more slowly
development
Binet’s tests attempted to measure …–how far the child had come along on the …
mental age; “normal” developmental pathway
the implication was that children with lower ability were … (with a mental age below their chronological age), and not …; with help, they could improve
delayed; disabled
Lewis Terman, of Standford, adapted Alfred Binet’s test, adding new test items and extending the age range into … He also tested many California residents to develop new …, that is, new information about how people typically performed on the test. Ther esult was the … test
adulthood; norms; Stanford-Binet intelligence test
Binet reported scores as simply one’s …; William stern preserved Binet’s comparison of mental to chronological age as: …/..
IQ = ../.. * 100
mental age; ratio; quotient; mental age; chronological age
William Stern coined the term … by using the stanfard-binet
IQ
lewis Terman began with a different assumption than Binet; Terman felt that intelligence was … and … (genetic) Later, Terman saw how scores can be affected by people’s … and their familiarity with the … and … used int he test
unchanging; innate; level of education; language; culture
achievement tests measure what you …
examples include a literacy test, a driver’s license exam, and a final exam
already have learned
aptitude tests attempt to predict your ability to
learn new skills
David Wechsler’s Tests: Intelligence PLUS
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) measure ../… and have subscores for:
… comprehension
… speed
… organization
… memory
g; IQ; verbal; processing; perceptual; working
in order for intelligence/other psychological tests to generate results that are considered useful, the tests (and their scores) must be:
…, …, and …
standardized; reliable; valid
Standardization means defining the meaning of scores based on a … with the … who have taken the test before
comparison; performance of others
the method of generating an intelligence test score is to determine where your raw score falls on a distribution of scores by people of your
chronological age
If we stacked a bunch of Weschler intelligence tests in a pile placed by raw score, there would be a few very … scores and a few … scores and a big pie in the middle; this bell-shaped pile is called the …
high; low; normal curve
comparing your score to this .. set of scores: if you score higher than 50 percent of people, your IQ is 100 (average raw score is IQ 100)
standard
Re-standardization: re-testing a sample of the general population to make an …, … comparison group, in case people are smarter than they used to be when the test was first made
updated; accurate
the Flynn effect: performance on intelligence tests has … over the years, worldwide
improved
a test or other measuring tool is reliable when it generates …:
.. reliability: do two halves of the test yield the same results?
… reliability: will the test give the same result if used again?
consistent results; split-half; test-retest
a test or measure has validity if it accurately measures what it is …:
.. validity: the test correlates well with the relevant criterion, trait, or behavior
… validity: the test predicts future performance (e.g. an aptitude test relates to future grades)
supposed to measure; content; predictive
evidence for change/decline of intelligence during aging: … studies-examine people of different … all at once
older adults … perform as well as younger adults on intelligence tests
cross-sectional; ages; do not
evidence for stability of intelligence during aging: … studies track the performance of one group of people, or …, over ..
This method yields evidence that intelligence remains …, or even …, over time
longitudinal; cohort; time; stable; increases
fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think … and …
quickly; abstractly
crystallized intelligence refers to … wisdom, …, …, and …
accumulated; knowledge; expertise; vocabulary
only by age four is a child’s performance on intelligence tests a … of future performance
predictor
In a Scottish longitudinal study, 11-yr-olds with higher intelligence test scores … and more … and were less likely to develop …
lived longer; independently; Alzheimer’s Disease
In a study of nuns, those with lower verbal ability were later more likelyt o develop …, which includes a … lifespan
Alzheimer’s; shorter
The Wechsler intelligence scale is set so that about 2 percent of the population is above …–very … intelligence, …- and about 2 percent of the population is below … –intellectual ..
130; high; gifted; 70; disability
intellectual disability refers to people who have an IQ around … or below, have difficulty with .. skills, such as:
… skills (literacy and calculation)
… skills, including making safe social choices
practical … skills such as hygiene, occupational skills, and using transportation
70; adaptive; conceptual; social; daily living
although some people with high intelligence scores can seem socially … or …, most are “successful”
gifted children, like any children, learn best with an appropriate level of …
segregated, “tracked” programs, however, often unfairly widen …
delayed; withdrawn; challenge; achievement gaps
