Mod 10

Question 1

psychoactive drugs are chemicals introduced into the body which alter …, …, and other elements of conscious experience

Answer 1

perceptions; moods

Question 2

many psychoactive drugs can be harmful to the body. psychoactive drugs are particularly dangerous when a person develops an … or becomes … on the substance

Answer 2

addiction; dependent

Question 3

factors related to addiction: …, …, impact on … of substance use, physical and psychological …

Answer 3

tolerance; withdrawal; daily life; dependence

Question 4

tolerance of a drug refers to the diminished … after repeated use. tolerance feeds addiction because users take .. of a drug to get the desired effect

Answer 4

psychoactive effects

Question 5

after the benefits of a substance wear off, especially after tolerance has developed, drug users may experience .. (painful symptoms of the body readjusting to the absence of the drug)

Answer 5

withdrawal

Question 6

withdrawal … addiction because users want to resume taking the drug to end withdrawal symptoms

Answer 6

worsens

Question 7

in physical dependence, the body has been altered in ways that create … for the drug (e.g. to end withdrawal symptoms)

Answer 7

cravings

Question 8

in psychological dependence a person’s resources for coping with daily life … as a drug becomes “needed” to …, .., or …

Answer 8

wither; relax; socialize; sleep

Question 9

depressants are chemicals that reduce … and other body functions. examples: …, …, and …

Answer 9

neural activity; alcohol; barbiturates; opiates

Question 10

(alcohol impact on functioning) slow …, reduced … nervous system activity, and slower … and … reaction

Answer 10

neural processing; sympathetic; thought; physical

Question 11

(alcohol impact on functioning) reduced memory formation caused by disrupted … and reduced … formation

Answer 11

REM sleep; synapse

Question 12

(alcohol impact on functioning) impaired .., impaired …, self-… and …; increased … and …

Answer 12

self-control; judgment; monitoring; inhibition; accidents; aggression

Question 13

(alcohol impact on functioning) chronic use of alcohol can lead to

Answer 13

brain damage

Question 14

barbiturates are …–drugs that depress … activity

Answer 14

tranquilizers; central nervous system

Question 15

(alcohol impact on functioning) examples of barbiturates: Nembutal, seconal, amytal
effects of barbiturates: reducing … and inducing …
problems: reducing …, …, and …; can lead to … if combined with alcohol

Answer 15

anxiety; sleep; memory; judgment; concentration; death

Question 16

opiates are highly … depressants

Answer 16

addictive

Question 17

opiates depress … activity; this reduces …, and especially reduces …
high doses of opiates produce …

Answer 17

nervous system; anxiety; pain; euphoria

Question 18

opiates work at … for the body’s natural pain reducers (…)

Answer 18

receptor sites; endorphins

Question 19

opiates are chemical such as … and … that are made from the opium …

Answer 19

morphine; heroin; poppy

Question 20

stimulants are drugs which … neural activity and bodily functions

Answer 20

intensify

Question 21

some physical effects of stimulants: … pupils, increased …. and …, increased …, decreased …
examples of stimulants: caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy

Answer 21

dilated; breathing; heart rate; blood sugar; appetite

Question 22

caffeine adds …, disrupts sleep for …-… hours, can lead to withdrawal symptoms if used daily: …, …, …, difficulty …, …

Answer 22

energy; 3;4; headaches; irritability; fatigue; concentrating; depression

Question 23

the main effect of nicotine use is

Answer 23

addiction

Question 24

nicotine arouses the brain to a state of …, increases … and …, at high levels, it relaxes … and triggers the release of neurotransmitters that may reduce …, reduces … to extremities, and suppresses appetite for …

Answer 24

increased alertness; heart rate; blood pressure; muscles; stress; circulation; carbohydrates

Question 25

why do people smoke?
starting to smoke: invited by …, influenced by … and …
continuing: positively reinforced by … effects
not stopping: after regular use, smokers have difficulty stopping because of … symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, distractibility, and irritability

Answer 25

peers; culture; media; physically stimulating; withdrawal

Question 26

cocaine blocks reuptake (and thus increases levels at the synapse of:
… (feels rewarding)
… (lifts mood)
… (provides energy)
effect on consciousness: euphoria!! at least for … minutes

Answer 26

dopamine; serotonin; norepinephrine; 45

Question 27

for cocaine: euphoria crashes into a state worse than before taking the drug, with …, …, and …
users develop tolerance; over time, withdrawal symptoms of cocaine use get worse, and users take more just to feel normal
cycles of overdose and withdrawal can sometimes bring …, …, …, and …

Answer 27

agitation; depression; pain; convulsions; violence; heart attack; death

Question 28

methamphetamine triggers the sustained release of …, sometimes leading to … hours of euphoria and energy
what happens next: irritability, insomnia, …, …, …,depression
“meth” addiction can become all-consuming

Answer 28

dopamine; 8; seizures; hypertension; violence

Question 29

ecstasy/MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

ecstasy is a synthetic … that increases … and greatly increases …

Answer 29

stimulant; dopamine; serotonin

Question 30

ecstasy effects on consciousness: …., … stimulation, …, and artificial feeling of … and …

Answer 30

euphoria; CNS; hallucinations; social connectedness; intimacy

Question 31

what happens next with ecstasy? in the short run, regretted …, …, …, and …
make it past that, and you might have: damaged …, causing permanently depressed mood
disrupted … and …
impaired … and …
suppressed …

Answer 31

behavior; dehydration; overheating; high blood pressure; serotonin-producing neurons; sleep; circadian rhythm; memory; slowed thinking; immune system

Question 32

(hallucinogens) LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide): LSD and similar drugs interfere with … transmission. This causes …–images and other “sensations” that didn’t come in through the senses

Answer 32

serotonin; hallucinations;

Question 33

(hallucinogens) marijuana/THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol): marijuana binds with brain … receptors. Effect on consciousness: amplifies …, disinhibits …, … mood, lack of ability to sense …

Answer 33

cannabinoid; sensations; impulses; euphoric; satiety

Question 34

(hallucinogens) marijuana-what happens next:
impaired …, … ability, and …
THC accumulates in the body, increasing the effects of the next use
over time, the brain … in areas processing … and …
…. damage

Answer 34

motor coordination; perceptual; reaction time; shrinks; memory; emotion; smoke inhalation

Question 35

biological influences that can lead to drug use:
genetic …
variations in … systems

Answer 35

predispositions; neurotransmitter

Question 36

psychological influences that can lead to drug use:
lacking sense of …
significant …
psychological disorders, such as …

Answer 36

purpose; stress; depression

Question 37

social-cultural influences that can lead to drug use:
… environment
… attitude toward drug use
… influences

Answer 37

urban; cultural; peer

Question 38

(what can turn drug use into dependence)

biological factors: dependence in …, … in childhood, genes related to … and …, and easily disrupted dopamine …

Answer 38

relatives; thrill-seeking; alcohol sensitivity; dependence; reward system

Question 39

(what can turn drug use into dependence) psychological factors: seeking …, .., problems forming …, problems assessing … and …

Answer 39

gratification; depression; identity; risks; costs

Question 40

(what can turn drug use into dependence) social influences: media …, observing …

Answer 40

glorification; peers