Mod 1 Flashcards
Aristotle (4th century BCE) asked questions to understand the relationship between … and … His way of answering those guesses was to … an d…
body; psyche; observe; make guesses
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) added two key elements to help make psychology a science:
- carefully …
- …
measured observations; experiments
Wilhelm Wundt’s 1879 experiment measured the time it took for people to:
push a .. when a … (based on when they heard it hit a …):
… of a second
push a … when consciously … of hearing the ball …:
… of a second
button; ball dropped; platform; 1/10th; button; aware; hit the platform; 2/10ths
Edward Titchener’s structuralism:
titchener, like his teacher wilhelm wundt, relied on ‘…’ data. He had people engage in …, reporting on … and other elements of experience, in reaction to stimuli such as the smell or feel of a flower
self-report; introspection; sensations
titchener tried to use these introspective reports to build a view of the mind’s … he called this view …
structure; structuralism
william james (1942-1910) developed ... he studied human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and asked: what ... might they serve? how might they have helped our ancestors ...? he wrote ...
functionalism; function; survive; principles of psychology
william james mentored another
psych pioneer
wilhelm wundt and edward titchener around 1900 defined psych as: the science of …
cognitive psychologists, 1960s, studied …, helped by …
now we combine these definitions: the science of … and … processes
mental life; internal mental processes; neuroscience; behavior; mental processes
(trends in psychological science)
behaviorism:
john b. watson- by pairing a bunny with a loud noise, watson taught a baby (…) to … this is called …
B. F. Skinner- used … conditioning to teach pigeons to do amazing things to … he later wrote about how human communities could be shaped by this method
Little Albert; fear rabbits; classical conditioning; operant; get rewards
(trends in psychological science) Freudian/psychoanalytic psychology:
Sigmund Freud, founder of … (late 1800s)- he studied and helped people with a variety of …
his school of study and treatment focused on the role of …, …, and …, and emphasized the importance of …
psychoanalysis; mental disorders; unconscious drives; wishes; needs; childhood experiences
(trends in psychological science) humanism:
humanists: … and … (1960s):
studied people who were … rather than those who had …
developed theories and treatments to help people to feel … and to …..
Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; thriving; psychological problems; accepted; reach their full potential
the big issue in psych: the … question:
to what extent are our traits already set in place at birth? and to what extent do our traits develop in response to our environment/experience?
nature-nurture
Nature:
plato- ideas such as “..” and “…” are …
Descartes: some ideas are …
Charles Darwin: some .., …,a nd … are part of the … of the species
the good; beauty; inborn; innate; traits; behaviors; instincts; nature
nurture:
aristotle- all knowledge comes through the …
john locke: the mind is a … “written on” by ..
senses; blank slate; experience
we share a common … that gives us an inborn human … in common + we have differences shaped by our …
origin; nature; environment
