Mod 24 Flashcards
how we hold stories in storage, explicit memory system occurs in … and the …
frontal lobes; hippocampus
how we retain responses and procedures, the implicit memory system: … and …
cerebellum and basal ganglia
how synapses change to help store memories:
long-term potentiation
the brain is not like a hard drive. memories are not in isolated files, but are in
overlapping neural netowrks
the brain’s long-term memory storage does not get full; it gets more elaborately … and …
rewired; interconnected
parts of each memory can be … throughout the brain
distributed
karl Lashley showed that rats who had learned a maze retained …,e ven when various small parts of their brain were …
parts of that memory; removed
there are different storage and retrieval/activation systems in the brain for ../… memory and for …/… memory
explicit; declarative; implicit; procedural
when emotions become involved, yet another part of the brain can … some memoriese for quicker retrieval
mark/flag
the storage occurs by changing … to each other in order to make some well-used neural networks of neurons easier to activate together
how neurons link
explicit/declarative memories include …, …, and … such as the first time riding a bike, or facts about types of bicycles
facts; stories; meanings of words;
retrieval and use of explicit memories, which is in part a working memory or executive function, is directed by the
frontal lobes
encoding and storage of explicit memories is facilitated by the … events and facts are held there for a couple of days before …, moving to other parts of the brain for long-term storage. much of this consolidation occurs during …
hippocampus; consolidating; sleep
implicit memories include .., …, and …
skills; procedures; conditioned associations
the cerebellum (“little brain”) forms and stores our … we can store a phobic response even if we can’t recall how we acquired the fear
conditioned responses
the basal ganglia, next to the thalamus, controls …, and forms and stores … and … skills. we can learn to ride a bicycle even if we can’t recall having the lesson
movement; procedural memory; motor
infantile amnesia: … memory from infancy can be retained, including … and … responses. however … memories, our recall for episodes, only goes back to about age … for most people
implicit; skills; conditioned; explicit; 3
explanation for infantile amnesia:
encoding: the memories were not stored … because the … is one of the last brain areas to develop
forgetting/retrieval: the adult mind thinks more in a … verbal narrative and has trouble accessing … memories as declarative memories
well; hippocampus; linear; preverbal
strong emotions, especially …, can strengthen memory formation
stress
… refer to emotionally intense events that become “burned in” as a vivid-seeming memory
flashbulb memories
note that flashbulb memories are not as … as they feel
accurate
vividly storing information about … may have helped our ancestors survive
dangers
how does intense emotion cause the brain to form intense memories?
- emotions can trigger a rise in …
- these hormones trigger activity int he …, located next to the memory-forming …
- this region of the brain increases … and engages the … and … to “tag” the memories as important
stress hormones; amygdala; hippocampus; memory-forming activity; frontal lobes; basal ganglia
as a result, the memories are stored with more sensory and emotional details. these details can trigger a …, unintended … of the memory. traumatized people can have … that is so vivid that it feels like re-experiencing the event
rapid; recall; intrusive recall
when people form memories, their neurons release … to other neurons across the …, the junctions between neurons
neurotransmitters; synapses
with repetition, the synapses undergo …; signals are sent across the synapse more …
synaptic changes include a reduction in the … needed to send a signal, and an increase in the number of …
long-term potentiation; efficiently; prompting; neurotransmitter receptor sites
chemicals and shocks that prevent long-term potentiation can prevent … and even …
learning; erase recent learning
preventing long-term potentiaton (LTP) keeps new memories from … for example, mice forget how to run a maze. drugs that boost LTP help mice learn a maze more quickly and with …
consolidating into long-term memories; fewer mistakes
