Mod 31 Flashcards
Studies of Twins raised apart and together indicate that both … and … affect intelligence test scores
nature; nurture
When you see variation in intelligence between two or more people, the … fo that trait is the amount of … that is apparently explained by genetic factors
heritability; variation
Heritability does NOT tell us the … that genes contribute to the trait for any …
proportion; one person
With identical nurture, the heritability of intelligence would be virtually
100 percent
identical twins seem to show similarity in specific .. such as .., …, and …
talents; music; math; sports
the brains of twins show similar … and …
structure; functioning
there are specific genes which may have a small influence on
ability
In another study, heritability of intelligence test scores continued to
increase beyond age 16
environment has more influence on intelligence under extreme conditions such as .., …, or …
abuse; neglect; extreme poverty
.. has a larger impact on compensating for deprivation than on boosting intelligence under normal conditions
tutored human enrichment
preschool and elementary school clearly have at least a … impact on intelligence test scors
temporary
college can have a positive impact on intelligence test scores if students have:
… and ..
belief that people can …
… skills, especially the willingness to practice
motivation; incentives; improve; study
boys are more likely than girls to be at the .. or … end of the intelligence test score spectrum
high; low
girls tend to be better at …, locating …, and detecting … They also tend to be more … fluent, and more sensitive to …, … and …
spelling; objects; emotions; verbally; touch; taste; color
boys tend to better at handling … and complex …
spatial reasoning; math problems
it is a myth that boys generally do better in math than girls. girls do at least as well as boys in overall math performance and especially in
math computation
the bell curve for African American intelligence test scores is centered at … For non-African Americans, the average is ..
85; 100
group differences, including intelligence test score differences between so-called “racial groups” can be caused by … factors
environmental
racial categories are not distinct … and are …
genetically; unscientific
both “whites” and “blacks” have higher intelligence test scores than … of the …
whites; 1930s
whites may have more access to fertile soil for developing their potential, such as:
… and … opportunities, …, …, … and … mentors, relative freedom from ..
schools; educational; wealth; nutrition; support; educated; discrimination
Test makers must prevent “bias” in the popular sense of the words: making it easier for one group than another to
score high on ak test
test makers also strive to prevent the scientific form of bias: making it easier for one group than for another to have their abilities …, and their future performance predicted
accurately assessed
examples of …: blacks scored higher when tested by blacks rather than whites; blacks did worse when reminded of their racial/ethnic id right before the test; women did worse on math tests than men except when they’re first told that women do as well as men
stereotype threat
stereotype threat refers to a feeling that one will be evaluated based on a
negative stereotype
stereotype threat may interfere with performance by making people use their working memory for … instead of …
worrying; thinking
this worry from stereotype threat is ../…: the effect of minority status on performance is … by worry about the effect
self-confirming/fulfilling; worsened
