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ANSC 3080 > Midterm 1 - Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Midterm 1 - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what does autonomic mean

A

controls body functions without conscious thought

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2
Q

what is the ANS key in maintaining

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

how is the ANS accomplished

A

reflexes

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4
Q

what does the ANS control

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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5
Q

what does the ANS not control

A

skeletal muscle

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6
Q

what does the ANS control at length

A

respiration
heart rate
blood pressure
digestion
rumination
sleep
arousal
body temp

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7
Q

what is involved in a reflex

A

sensory cells
sensory nerve fiber
integration centre
motor nerve fiber
effectors

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8
Q

how is the ANS mainly controlled

A

negative feedback

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9
Q

what does the type of sensory cell depend on

A

the system considered

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10
Q

examples of sensory cells

A

baroreceptors
cold and warm receptors

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11
Q

are there any differences in sensory nerve fibers between somatic arc reflexes and ANS

A

nothing major

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12
Q

what are the control centres of the ANS

A

hypothalamus
brain stem
spinal cord

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13
Q

what is the master command of ANS

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

what does the brain stem control in ANS

A

special control function: respiratory and cardiovascular centre

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15
Q

what does the spinal cord do in ANS

A

local integration in thoracic and sacral segments

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16
Q

what does the spinal cord receive

A

continuous info from sensory nerves - frequency of impulses

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17
Q

how does the spinal cord set a reference

A

compares information and if different, alters frequency on motor fiber

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18
Q

what is the main difference between autonomic and somatic system

A

the motor nerve fibers

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19
Q

what is the difference in motor fibers between autonomic and somatic system

A

target organs
number of neurons in its peripheral circuit

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20
Q

how many peripheral nerves does the ANS have in its peripheral circuit

A

2 (somatic arc reflex has 1)

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21
Q

what is the preganglionic neuron

A

cell body in the CNS with non that innervates a second neuron, the postganglionic neuron

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22
Q

what is a ganglion

A

cell body of the postganglionic neuron

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23
Q

are there any sensors specific to ANS

A

no

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24
Q

where is the sympathetic nervous system

A

thoracic-lumbar

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25
Q

how does the sympathetic nervous system work

A

preganglionic neurons originate in thoracic or lumbar spinal area and send axons to sympathetic ganglia which form a chain parallel to the spinal cord

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26
Q

what gets activated my a stressor

A

all systems i.e sweating, heartbeat… due to ganglion chain

27
Q

where is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

cranio-sacral

28
Q

how does the parasympathetic nervous system work

A

preganglionic neurons originate in brain or sacral part of spinal cord and send axons to ganglia near or within effector organs

29
Q

what is the enteric nervous system associated with

A

the parasympathetic

30
Q

are postganglionic fibers long or short in sympathetic

A

very long - some extend to adrenal medulla

31
Q

where do postganglionic fibers innervate

A

hollow organs, blood vessels etc

32
Q

what do postganglionic fibers do in adrenal glands

A

stimulate epinephrine/adrenaline and norepeinephrine secretion into blood circulation

33
Q

important point about the sympathetic system

A

info is shared between ganglia along the chain

34
Q

what cranial nerves supply parasympathetic fibers to body’s glands and organs

A

III, VII, IX

35
Q

which cranial nerve is the major supplier to the body

A

X - vagus nerve

36
Q

where are ganglia located

A

in the wall or adjacent to target organs

37
Q

what kind of regulation in ganglia in parasympathetic

A

1 on 1 regualtion

38
Q

is there any interconnection between ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

no - no chain

39
Q

are postganglionic fibers long or short in parasympathetic

A

short

40
Q

what fibers are very long in the parasympathetic system

A

preganglionic

41
Q

selective action in postganglionic fibers

A

direct connection with specific organs with no enhancement by hormones

42
Q

what are 2 receptors to acetylcholine

A

nicotinic
muscarinic

43
Q

what does nicotinic help with

A

preganglionic synpases

44
Q

what does it mean that nicotinic is inotropic

A

part of an ion channel - with Na+

45
Q

where is muscarinic found

A

in target organs of parasympathetic

46
Q

is muscarinic an ion channel

A

no - requires intracellular second messengers to activate target cell

47
Q

the effect of muscarinic can be …

A

stimulatory or inhibitory - depends on messenger

48
Q

what is the difference of muscarinic compared to nicotinic

A

it is slower and more prolonged effect

49
Q

what is the pharmacological significance of ANS

A

use of agonist and antagonists to selectively activate or block receptors

50
Q

what is pharmacological can be used during hypertension

A

B-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) - decreases heart rate (B1)

51
Q

what does propranolol act on

A

the heart

52
Q

what pharmacological can be used for asthma

A

B2 - adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) - bronchodilation

53
Q

what is atropine

A

muscarinic receptor blocker

54
Q

what does atropine do

A

drop in eye - dilate pupil

55
Q

what does atropine inhibit

A

contraction of lower GI tract

56
Q

reciprocal effects of eyes

A

sympathetic - pupil dilation
parasympathetic - pupil constriction

57
Q

reciprocal effects of salivary gland

A

sympathetic - stimulation
parasympathetic - inhibition

58
Q

reciprocal effects of heart rate

A

sympathetic - increased
parasympathetic - decreased

59
Q

reciprocal effects of blood vessels

A

sympathetic - constriction (most)
parasympathetic - dilation (few)

60
Q

reciprocal effects of lungs (bronchiole)

A

sympathetic - dilation
parasympathetic - constriction

61
Q

reciprocal effects of intestinal mobility

A

sympathetic - inhibition
parasympathetic - stimulation

62
Q

reciprocal effects of sphincters

A

sympathetic - stimulate closing
parasympathetic - inhibit closing

63
Q

reciprocal effects of urinary bladder

A

sympathetic - muscle tone relaxed
parasympathetic - contraction

64
Q

reciprocal effects of penis

A

sympathetic - ejaculation
parasympathetic - erection

ANSC 3080 (21 decks)

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