Exam - Ovarian and Estrous Cycle

Question 1

what does the timing of formation and activation of primordial follicles differ between

Answer 1

species

Question 2

when does clusters (cysts) of primordial follicles occur in rodents

Answer 2

birth

Question 3

when do primordial follicles form in human and cows

Answer 3

mid gestation

Question 4

what is the formation of primordial follicles independent of in mammals

Answer 4

gonadotropin (LH; FSH)

Question 5

what is the primary follicle defined by

Answer 5

simple cuboidal cells surrounding the oocyte

Question 6

what phase of prophase I does meiosis arrest in

Answer 6

diplotene stage

Question 7

for oocyte growth, where is a lot of nutrients stored

Answer 7

in granules and vesicles

Question 8

during oocyte growth what des the Golgi apparatus do

Answer 8

export ZP glycoproteins; cortical granules

Question 9

when the centriole disappears during oocyte growth, which will be used

Answer 9

the male centriole

Question 10

what is critical to prevent meiosis to proceeed

Answer 10

the communication through gap junctions between granulosa cells and oocyte

Question 11

what do the multiplying theca cells on the outside of the basal lamina form

Answer 11

internal theca
external theca with muscular layer

Question 12

how does nutrients and waste get to the secondary follicle

Answer 12

diffusion through the theca layer due to no blood vessels being within the follicle

Question 13

what is cavitation

Answer 13

appearance of a fluid filled cavity

Question 14

what are the 4 stages of antral follicular cavitation

Answer 14

small
medium
large
preovulatory

Question 15

what multiples with antral follicles

Answer 15

both granulosa and theca cells

Question 16

what is the theca externa

Answer 16

muscular innervated layer

Question 17

what is the theca interna

Answer 17

produced androgens under the control of LH

Question 18

when does the final maturation of oocytes occur

Answer 18

immediately prior to ovulation

Question 19

when does the resumption of meiosis occur

Answer 19

during ovulation sequence

Question 20

what is cytoplasmic maturation essential for

Answer 20

monospermic fertilization
processing of sperm
preparation for development to preimplantation

Question 21

what does cytoplasmic maturation include

Answer 21

ability to release intracellular Ca upon fertilzation
production of proteins which will prepare male pronucleus
accumulation of mRNA, proteins, substrates and nutrients

Question 22

what does the release of intracellular Ca do

Answer 22

triggers exocytosis of cortical granules

Question 23

is it possible to observe several waves per cycle

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

which are the only follicles that ovulate

Answer 24

dominant follicles present during estrus

Question 25

why do only dominant follicles present during estrus ovulate

Answer 25

high levels ov progesterone during diestrus have negative feedback on GnRH

Question 26

when should the oocyte encounter spematozoa in the oviduct

Answer 26

within 15-20 minutes of ovulation

Question 27

what is mounting in cows stimulated by

Answer 27

Estradiol-17B

Question 28

factors promoting mounting behaviour

Answer 28

size of sexually active group
time of day
footing
age/health of cow
head room
lack of distractions+human activity
temperate weather

Question 29

what should the size of the sexually active group be

Answer 29

2+

Question 30

what is the best time of day for mounting behaviour

Answer 30

night

Question 31

what is the best footing for mounting behavour

Answer 31

dirt
non-slippery

Question 32

why does the age/health of the cow matter for mounting behaviour

Answer 32

agility

Question 33

what are non-behavioural changes at estrus

Answer 33

copious cervical mucous discharged
vulva reddening/swelling
low progesterone
high estradiol-17B
estrus-related odor
LH/FSH surge
met-estrus bleeding in cattle