Lab 4 - Respiratory

Question 1

what is the purpose of cartilage rings

Answer 1

to maintain open airways, when there is a drastic pressure change

Question 2

what does the C-shape of cartilage rings allow

Answer 2

food to move down the esophagus

Question 3

what do C shaped rings change to when going down the tract

Answer 3

cartilage plates

Question 4

what happens to the cartilage plates as you move down the tract

Answer 4

they disappear

Question 5

what is different about bronchioles

Answer 5

no cartilage, smooth muscle instead

Question 6

what is the site of gas exchange

Answer 6

alveoli

Question 7

what do alveoli carry

Answer 7

residual air

Question 8

what keeps alveoli and bronchioles open

Answer 8

the residual air - lung recoil

Question 9

what is ventilation

Answer 9

bulk flow of air between atmosphere and the respiratory zone (alveoli)

Question 10

what does an increased diameter result in

Answer 10

decreased resistance –> increased flow

Question 11

what does a reduced diameter result in

Answer 11

increased resistance –> reduced flow

Question 12

how does the body create low and high pressure in the thoracic cavity

Answer 12

Boyle’s gas law: P1V1 = P2 V2

Question 13

inspiration

Answer 13

airflow into lungs due to low pressure in lungs

Question 14

what is expiration

Answer 14

air flow out of lungs due to high pressure in lungs

Question 15

what does inspiration require

Answer 15

expanding of thoracic cavity

Question 16

what type of mechanism is inspiration

Answer 16

an active mechanism by contracting the inspiratory muscles

Question 17

3 steps of inspiration

Answer 17

1. volume increases
2. pressure in lungs lowers below atmospheric pressure
3. air flows into lungs until an equilibrium is reached

Question 18

what does expiration require

Answer 18

shrinking of the thoracic cavity

Question 19

what type of mechanism is expiration

Answer 19

passive - by relaxing the inspiratory muscles, allowing lungs to recoil due to elasticity

Question 20

3 steps of expiration

Answer 20

1. volume decreases
2. compression of gas within the lungs to a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure
3. air flows out of lungs until an equilibrium is reached

Question 21

when does resistance increase

Answer 21

narrowing of trachea –> resistance increases –> reduced airflow
(increased pressure)

Question 22

what is vital capacity

Answer 22

max capacity of air that can be moved in and out of lungs

Question 23

residual volume

Answer 23

residual volume of air that is always in the lungs