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ANSC 3080 > Exam - Fertilization > Flashcards

Exam - Fertilization Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first trap of sperm transport

A

cervical folds

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2
Q

the glands of the cervix produce whaat

A

acidic mucus

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3
Q

what does the acidic mucus do

A

prevents entry of microorganisms

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4
Q

what acts as the physical barrier in cervix

A

fold + mucus = plug

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5
Q

when is there a change in mucus composition

A

during estrus E2

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6
Q

what changes occur to the mucus during estrus

A

less acidic
thinner and more elastic
forms strands or “privilege pathways PP” to allow sperm to pass

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7
Q

when does P4 return mucus to acidic barrier

A

after ovulation

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8
Q

what is the dose of semen in artificial insemination of cows

A

20x10^6 spermatozoa or less

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9
Q

where is the semen deposited in artificial insemination of cows

A

body of the uterus (first AI)
anterior cervix (repeat AI)

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10
Q

what is the primary source of loss with AI in cows

A

retorgrade flow
wrong horn

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11
Q

what are the major reason for AI failure in cows

A

cow not in heat
poor technique
early embryonic mortality

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12
Q

what does effective sperm transport require

A

contractions of the female reproductive tract

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13
Q

process of contractions

A

mating -> nervous stimulation-> posterior pituitary gland - > oxytocin –> milk ejection/increased contractions of uterus/oviducts by high ratio E2:P2

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14
Q

what must happen to ejaculated spermatozoa from domestic species

A

it must be capacitated in female tract

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15
Q

what does the loss of surface proteins acquired during epididymal transit equal

A

reorganization of plasma membrane lipid composition

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16
Q

why is motility important for final approach to oocyte

A

hyperactivation

17
Q

where is the capacitation initiated

A

in uterus at the utero-tubal junction

18
Q

what is required following capacitation

A

intact acrosomes for acrosome reaction during fertilization

19
Q

where must capacitation be performed

A

in vitro for IVF

20
Q

in the oviduct, what are well developed in the infundibulum and ampulla

A

internal mucosa and lamina propria

21
Q

what do the internal mucosa and lamina propria possess

A

ciliated epithelium beat and move fluid towards uterus

22
Q

what do secretory cells in oviduct (peg cells) do

A

secrete nutrients for oocyte and antimicrobial

23
Q

what is the oviduct made of

A

smooth muscle layers

24
Q

what are the important steps required for fusion during fertilization

A

penetration of the corona radiata
perforation of the zone pellucid = acrosome reaction
transfer of the nucleus

25
Q

what is the corona radiate

A

a layer of granulosa cells

26
Q

how do granulosa cells get dissociated

A

several spersm reach the corona radiata and release enzymes to dissociate - sacrificing themselves

27
Q

what does one lucky seem reach

A

the zona pellucida

28
Q

what is the acrosomal reaction

A

membrane proteins on the sperm cell surface bind glycoproteins of zone pellucida

29
Q

where does fertilization occur

A

junction of ampulla+isthmus

30
Q

when does the oocyte complete meiosis

A

as the sperm enters

31
Q

what is the zygote

A

both haploid pronucleus fuse to form a diploid fertilized egg

32
Q

how long after sperm entry is a zygote formed

A

within 12h

33
Q

how large is a zygote

A

giant

34
Q

what happened tot he zygote

A

it divides every 24h to form smaller cells through cleavage

35
Q

when does the morula enter the uterus

A

after 4-5 days

36
Q

what does the unattached embryo convert to

A

a blastocyst

37
Q

how foes the unattached embryo convert to a blastocyst

A

inner cell mass will form embryo
trophoblast will form the amnion and the chorioin
cavity = blastocoele

ANSC 3080 (41 decks)

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