Exam - Spermatogenesis Flashcards
what is happening during interphase
DNA replication - 4c-2n
what is leptotene (prophase I)
condensation of chromatin
what is zygotene (prophase I)
pairing of homologues (forming a tetrade)
what is pachytene (prophase I)
crossing over and recombination
diplotene (prophase I)
synaptonemal complexes dissociate
diakinesis (prophase I)
chiasma disappear and homologues begin to repel
what occurs in metaphase I
homologue centromere binds to spindle fiber
what occurs in anaphase 1
homologous pairs separate and begin to move
what occurs in telophase I
chromosomes migrate to each pole
cell division
1 chromosome of pair in each cell (2c-1n)
what occurs in prophase II
spindle fibers rearrange and chromosomes recondense
what occurs in metaphase II
chromosomes align along spindle equator
what occurs in anaphase II
sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
what. occurs in telophase II
daughter cell nucleus has one set of chromosomes (1c-1n)
what do Sertoli cells express
FSH receptors
what are Sertoli cells regulated by
FSH
what do Sertoli cells produce
androgen-binding protein and inhibin
what do Sertoli cells do during final maturation of sperm
fluid pumping
what do Sertoli cells provide
nutrients and several factors to control spermatogenesis
where are Sertoli cells found
blood testis barrier
basal/luminal and adluminal compartments
what is formed in spermiogenesis
acrosomal cap (derived from golgi)
what is developed during spermiogenesis
tail
what does the distal centriole provide during spermiogenesis
a template for the accretion of cytoskeletal elements comprising the contractile lattice of the tail
what happens to mitochondria during spermiogenesis
they become concentrated into the sheath of the middle piece
what type of cells are leydig
interstitial cells - located in the spaces between tubules
characteristic of leydig cells
they are highly perfused - blood vessels/capillaries
what do leydig cells synthesize
androgens - testosterone
what do leydig cells express
LH receptors
what does the ampular gland do
enlarges ductus defferent
what is the ampullae (ampular gland) absent in
boar and dogs
what does the vesicular gland secrete
fructose
vitamins
prostaglandins
proteins
what animal are vesicular glands absent in
dogs
what does fructose act as
sperm energy pack
what are vitamins and prostaglandins important for
mobility and survival
what are the proteins for from vesicular gland
coagulation
what does the prostate gland secreete
alkaline substance to enhance motility
what does the bulbourethral gland secrete
alkaline substances to neutralize acidity and mucus to lubricate vagina during copulation
accessory sex glands
ampular gland
vesicular gland
prostate g
bulbourethral gland
