Exam - Spermatogenesis

Question 1

what is happening during interphase

Answer 1

DNA replication - 4c-2n

Question 2

what is leptotene (prophase I)

Answer 2

condensation of chromatin

Question 3

what is zygotene (prophase I)

Answer 3

pairing of homologues (forming a tetrade)

Question 4

what is pachytene (prophase I)

Answer 4

crossing over and recombination

Question 5

diplotene (prophase I)

Answer 5

synaptonemal complexes dissociate

Question 6

diakinesis (prophase I)

Answer 6

chiasma disappear and homologues begin to repel

Question 7

what occurs in metaphase I

Answer 7

homologue centromere binds to spindle fiber

Question 8

what occurs in anaphase 1

Answer 8

homologous pairs separate and begin to move

Question 9

what occurs in telophase I

Answer 9

chromosomes migrate to each pole
cell division
1 chromosome of pair in each cell (2c-1n)

Question 10

what occurs in prophase II

Answer 10

spindle fibers rearrange and chromosomes recondense

Question 11

what occurs in metaphase II

Answer 11

chromosomes align along spindle equator

Question 12

what occurs in anaphase II

Answer 12

sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Question 13

what. occurs in telophase II

Answer 13

daughter cell nucleus has one set of chromosomes (1c-1n)

Question 14

what do Sertoli cells express

Answer 14

FSH receptors

Question 15

what are Sertoli cells regulated by

Answer 15

FSH

Question 16

what do Sertoli cells produce

Answer 16

androgen-binding protein and inhibin

Question 17

what do Sertoli cells do during final maturation of sperm

Answer 17

fluid pumping

Question 18

what do Sertoli cells provide

Answer 18

nutrients and several factors to control spermatogenesis

Question 19

where are Sertoli cells found

Answer 19

blood testis barrier
basal/luminal and adluminal compartments

Question 20

what is formed in spermiogenesis

Answer 20

acrosomal cap (derived from golgi)

Question 21

what is developed during spermiogenesis

Answer 21

tail

Question 22

what does the distal centriole provide during spermiogenesis

Answer 22

a template for the accretion of cytoskeletal elements comprising the contractile lattice of the tail

Question 23

what happens to mitochondria during spermiogenesis

Answer 23

they become concentrated into the sheath of the middle piece

Question 24

what type of cells are leydig

Answer 24

interstitial cells - located in the spaces between tubules

Question 25

characteristic of leydig cells

Answer 25

they are highly perfused - blood vessels/capillaries

Question 26

what do leydig cells synthesize

Answer 26

androgens - testosterone

Question 27

what do leydig cells express

Answer 27

LH receptors

Question 28

what does the ampular gland do

Answer 28

enlarges ductus defferent

Question 29

what is the ampullae (ampular gland) absent in

Answer 29

boar and dogs

Question 30

what does the vesicular gland secrete

Answer 30

fructose
vitamins
prostaglandins
proteins

Question 31

what animal are vesicular glands absent in

Answer 31

dogs

Question 32

what does fructose act as

Answer 32

sperm energy pack

Question 33

what are vitamins and prostaglandins important for

Answer 33

mobility and survival

Question 34

what are the proteins for from vesicular gland

Answer 34

coagulation

Question 35

what does the prostate gland secreete

Answer 35

alkaline substance to enhance motility

Question 36

what does the bulbourethral gland secrete

Answer 36

alkaline substances to neutralize acidity and mucus to lubricate vagina during copulation

Question 37

accessory sex glands

Answer 37

ampular gland
vesicular gland
prostate g
bulbourethral gland