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Phase I Medicine > Micro-organisms: Fungi > Flashcards

Micro-organisms: Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of fungi?

A 
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Chitin in cell wall
Distinct nucleus
80s ribosomes
Membrane bound organelles
Reproduction is sexual or asexual
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2
Q

Between bacteria and fungi, which organism has cells more similar to a human cell?

A

Fungi

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3
Q

What type of fungus makes up the majority?

A

Saprophytes

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4
Q

What is the difference between fungi and other pathogens?

A

Fungi are not primary pathogens of humans; their main survival technique is not through harming us

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5
Q

When do saprophytic fungi come to being accidental pathogens?

A

In vulnerable/ immunocompromised patients

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6
Q

Why are fungal infections so rare?

A

Efficient immune response to them
Highly successful outside humans
Grow best via redox in non living substrates
Slow growing

Not adapted to growth:

  • At our body temperature
  • With our nutrients
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7
Q

What are the types of fungi?

A

Moulds
Yeast
Dimorphic

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8
Q

What are dimorphic fungi?

A

Shapeshifters between moulds and yeast

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9
Q

What type of fungus is most pathogenic?

A

Yeast

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10
Q

What are hyphae?

A

Long elongated cell, dividing with the appearance of plant roots.
These filaments aid mould growth.

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11
Q

What isa mycelium?

A

An entangled mass of hyphae which is visible to the naked eye.

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12
Q

What moulds cause human infection?

A

Aspergillius

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13
Q

What yeasts cause human infection?

A

Candida

Cryptococcus neoformans

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14
Q

What is the formation of true hyphae used as a diagnostic test for?

A

Candida albicans

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15
Q

What are pseudohyphae?

A

Elongated buds present when yeasts cause invasive disease

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of dimorphic fungi?

A 
Grow as yeasts or moulds
Yeast form causes infection
Mould form is saprophytic
Usually endemic
Hard to spell
17
Q

What is the mildest thing a fungus can do?

A

Live on our surfaces

18
Q

What is Malasezzia furfur’s mechanism of action?

A

lives on the keratin of the skin (and other organic materials), feeds on keratin, brown in colour; causes a rash because of the colour

19
Q

What is the problem with M. furfur?

A

Skin appearance similar to eczema

20
Q

What are dermatophytoses?

A

Ringworm/ tinea; infection on stratum corner.

Lack of tissue invasion, eliciting of host response via fungal presence/ metabolites.

21
Q

What are the three groups of dermatophytoses?

A

Geophilic- contact with soil
Zoophilic- contact with animals
Anthrophilic- contact with humans

22
Q

With regards to itching, how do you differentiate between ringworm or eczema?

A

Ringworm doesn’t itch much

23
Q

What is the angiotropic consequence of systemic mycoses?

A

Invasion of blood vessels -> pulmonary haemorrhage/ infarction

24
Q

What is aspergilloma?

A

Colonisation of a pre-existing lung cavity

Phase I Medicine (46 decks)

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