B2 Anatomy of Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the contents of the upper respiratory system?

Answer 1

• Nose
• Nasal Cavity
• Paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx

Question 2

What is the contents of the lower respiratory system?

Answer 2

• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs

Question 3

What are the functional divisions of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

ConductingRespiratory

Question 4

What is the function of the conducting division of the respiratory?

Answer 4

Cleanse, warm and humidify incoming air

Question 5

What parts of the respiratory system are conducting?

Answer 5

All the respiratory passagesRigid conduits

Question 6

Which parts of the respiratory system make up the respiratory functional division?

Answer 6

• Respiratory bronchioles
• Alveolar ducts
• Alveolar ducts
• Alveoli

Question 7

What is the external framework of the nose?

Answer 7

Bone and cartiliage covered by facial muscles and skin

Question 8

What are the apertures of the nose?

Answer 8

Nostrils

Question 9

What divides the nasal cavity into two?

Answer 9

Nasal septum

Question 10

What are the ‘shelves’ of nasal cavity?

Answer 10

Conchae

Question 11

What are meatuses?

Answer 11

Broad openings inferior to the conchae

Question 12

What is another term for ‘turbinates’?

Answer 12

Conchae

Question 13

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 13

• Provides airway
• Filters, humidifies and warms incoming air
• Resonating chamber for speech
• Olfaction

Question 14

Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess located?

Answer 14

Superior to superior concha

Question 15

What is the difference between ‘olfactory mucosa’ and ‘respiratory mucosa’?

Answer 15

Olfactory- Sensory receptors for smellRespiratory- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; hasgoblet cells

Question 16

What is the structure of the trachea?

Answer 16

C- shaped cartilage rings bridged by Trachealis

Question 17

What phrase is used to describe the movement of the ribs during respiration?

Answer 17

Bucket handle movement

Question 18

What is the base of the lungs?

Answer 18

The broad inferior surface; sit on diaphargm below it

Question 19

What is the hillus of the lung?

Answer 19

The lung root; where structures enter and leave the lung

Question 20

What is the difference between visceral and parietal pleura?

Answer 20

Visceral- lining lungsParietal- Lining thoracic wall

Question 21

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

What are the two fissures in the right lung calles?

Answer 23

Horizontal/ transverseOblique

Question 24

What is the fissure that separates the middle and inferior lobes of the right lung?

Answer 24

oblique

Question 25

What is the fissure that separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung?

Answer 25

Horizontal/ transverse

Question 26

What are bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 26

Functional units of the lobes

Question 27

What is the only lobe that cannot be heard posteriorly?

Answer 27

Right Middle

Question 28

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 28

The bit of thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs, including pericardium

Question 29

What is the sternal angle?

Answer 29

Crossing these points in the transverse plane:Manubriosternal jointRib 2Between TIV and TV discs

Question 30

What is the superior mediastinum?

Answer 30

The contents of the top of sternum to the sternal angle (transverse plane).

Question 31

What are the names of the three sections in the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 31

AnteriorMiddlePosterior

Question 32

Where is the heart in the mediastinum?

Answer 32

Inferior Middle

Question 33

What is the contents of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 33

* Aortic arch and branches * Brachiocephalic veins * Trachea * Oesophageus * Thoracic duct * Vagus & Phrenic nerves

Question 34

What is the thoracic duct?

Answer 34

Largest lymphatic vessel; drains half the body into the left subclavian vein

Question 35

Which nerves are in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 35

VagusPhrenic

Question 36

Where are the boundaries of the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 36

Posterior to sternumAnterior to pericardium

Question 37

What is the contents of the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 37

Fibrofatty connective tissue in adultsThymus gland in infantsLymph nodesSternopericardial ligamentsInternal thoracic vessels, branches and tributaries

Question 38

What are sternopericardial ligaments?

Answer 38

Little collections of connective tissue

Question 39

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

Answer 39

Brachiocephalic arteryLeft common carotid arteryLeft subclavian artery

Question 40

What does the brachiocephalic artery immediately bifurcate into?

Answer 40

Right subclavianRight common carotid

Question 41

Why is it important to learn about the structures in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 41

When there are pathologies, you want to know what structures are at risk of infection

Question 42

What is the contents of the middle mediastinum?

Answer 42

PericardiumHeartPhrenic nerveDeep cardiac plexusPulmonary vasculatureAdjoining great vessels

Question 43

Where is the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 43

Behind the pericardium

Question 44

What is the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 44

OesophageusVagi on oesophageusThoracic ductDescending thoracic aortaAzygosHemiazygos & accessory hemiazygos veinsLymph nodes

Question 45

True or false? the oesophageus is always posterior  to the airways?

Answer 45

True

Question 46

What are 'the airways'?

Answer 46

Bronchial tubes