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Phase I Medicine > B2 Anatomy of Respiratory System > Flashcards

B2 Anatomy of Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the contents of the upper respiratory system?

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx
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2
Q

What is the contents of the lower respiratory system?

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
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3
Q

What are the functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

ConductingRespiratory

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4
Q

What is the function of the conducting division of the respiratory?

A

Cleanse, warm and humidify incoming air

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5
Q

What parts of the respiratory system are conducting?

A

All the respiratory passagesRigid conduits

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6
Q

Which parts of the respiratory system make up the respiratory functional division?

A
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveoli
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7
Q

What is the external framework of the nose?

A

Bone and cartiliage covered by facial muscles and skin

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8
Q

What are the apertures of the nose?

A

Nostrils

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9
Q

What divides the nasal cavity into two?

A

Nasal septum

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10
Q

What are the ‘shelves’ of nasal cavity?

A

Conchae

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11
Q

What are meatuses?

A

Broad openings inferior to the conchae

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12
Q

What is another term for ‘turbinates’?

A

Conchae

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13
Q

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Provides airway
  • Filters, humidifies and warms incoming air
  • Resonating chamber for speech
  • Olfaction
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14
Q

Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess located?

A

Superior to superior concha

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15
Q

What is the difference between ‘olfactory mucosa’ and ‘respiratory mucosa’?

A

Olfactory- Sensory receptors for smellRespiratory- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; hasgoblet cells

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16
Q

What is the structure of the trachea?

A

C- shaped cartilage rings bridged by Trachealis

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17
Q

What phrase is used to describe the movement of the ribs during respiration?

A

Bucket handle movement

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18
Q

What is the base of the lungs?

A

The broad inferior surface; sit on diaphargm below it

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19
Q

What is the hillus of the lung?

A

The lung root; where structures enter and leave the lung

20
Q

What is the difference between visceral and parietal pleura?

A

Visceral- lining lungsParietal- Lining thoracic wall

21
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

22
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

23
Q

What are the two fissures in the right lung calles?

A

Horizontal/ transverseOblique

24
Q

What is the fissure that separates the middle and inferior lobes of the right lung?

A

oblique

25
Q

What is the fissure that separates the superior and middlelobes of the right lung?

A

Horizontal/transverse

26
Q

What are bronchopulmonary segments?

A

Functional units of the lobes

27
Q

What is the only lobe that cannot be heard posteriorly?

A

Right Middle

28
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The bit of thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs, including pericardium

29
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

Crossing these points in the transverse plane:Manubriosternal jointRib 2Between TIV and TV discs

30
Q

What is the superior mediastinum?

A

The contents of the top of sternum to the sternal angle (transverse plane).

31
Q

What are the names of the three sections in the inferior mediastinum?

A

AnteriorMiddlePosterior

32
Q

Where is the heart in the mediastinum?

A

Inferior Middle

33
Q

What is the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A
  • Aortic arch and branches
  • Brachiocephalic veins
  • Trachea
  • Oesophageus
  • Thoracic duct
  • Vagus & Phrenic nerves
34
Q

What is the thoracic duct?

A

Largest lymphatic vessel; drains half the body into the left subclavian vein

35
Q

Which nerves are in the superior mediastinum?

A

VagusPhrenic

36
Q

Where are the boundaries of the anterior mediastinum?

A

Posterior to sternumAnterior to pericardium

37
Q

What is the contents of the anterior mediastinum?

A

Fibrofatty connective tissue in adultsThymus gland in infantsLymph nodesSternopericardial ligamentsInternal thoracic vessels, branches and tributaries

38
Q

What are sternopericardial ligaments?

A

Little collections of connective tissue

39
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic arteryLeft common carotid arteryLeft subclavian artery

40
Q

What does the brachiocephalic artery immediately bifurcate into?

A

Right subclavianRight common carotid

41
Q

Why is it important to learn about the structures in the anterior mediastinum?

A

When there are pathologies, you want to know what structures are at risk of infection

42
Q

What is the contents of the middle mediastinum?

A

PericardiumHeartPhrenic nerveDeep cardiac plexusPulmonary vasculatureAdjoining great vessels

43
Q

Where is the posterior mediastinum?

A

Behind the pericardium

44
Q

What is the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A

OesophageusVagi on oesophageusThoracic ductDescending thoracic aortaAzygosHemiazygos & accessory hemiazygos veinsLymph nodes

45
Q

True or false? the oesophageus is always posterior to the airways?

A

True

46
Q

What are ‘the airways’?

A

Bronchial tubes

Phase I Medicine (46 decks)

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