B2 Anatomy of Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the contents of the upper respiratory system?
- Nose
- Nasal Cavity
- Paranasal sinuses
- Pharynx
What is the contents of the lower respiratory system?
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
What are the functional divisions of the respiratory system?
ConductingRespiratory
What is the function of the conducting division of the respiratory?
Cleanse, warm and humidify incoming air
What parts of the respiratory system are conducting?
All the respiratory passagesRigid conduits
Which parts of the respiratory system make up the respiratory functional division?
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveoli
What is the external framework of the nose?
Bone and cartiliage covered by facial muscles and skin
What are the apertures of the nose?
Nostrils
What divides the nasal cavity into two?
Nasal septum
What are the ‘shelves’ of nasal cavity?
Conchae
What are meatuses?
Broad openings inferior to the conchae
What is another term for ‘turbinates’?
Conchae
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
- Provides airway
- Filters, humidifies and warms incoming air
- Resonating chamber for speech
- Olfaction
Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess located?
Superior to superior concha
What is the difference between ‘olfactory mucosa’ and ‘respiratory mucosa’?
Olfactory- Sensory receptors for smellRespiratory- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; hasgoblet cells
What is the structure of the trachea?
C- shaped cartilage rings bridged by Trachealis
What phrase is used to describe the movement of the ribs during respiration?
Bucket handle movement
What is the base of the lungs?
The broad inferior surface; sit on diaphargm below it
What is the hillus of the lung?
The lung root; where structures enter and leave the lung
What is the difference between visceral and parietal pleura?
Visceral- lining lungsParietal- Lining thoracic wall
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
What are the two fissures in the right lung calles?
Horizontal/ transverseOblique
What is the fissure that separates the middle and inferior lobes of the right lung?
oblique
What is the fissure that separates the superior and middlelobes of the right lung?
Horizontal/transverse
What are bronchopulmonary segments?
Functional units of the lobes
What is the only lobe that cannot be heard posteriorly?
Right Middle
What is the mediastinum?
The bit of thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs, including pericardium
What is the sternal angle?
Crossing these points in the transverse plane:Manubriosternal jointRib 2Between TIV and TV discs
What is the superior mediastinum?
The contents of the top of sternum to the sternal angle (transverse plane).
What are the names of the three sections in the inferior mediastinum?
AnteriorMiddlePosterior
Where is the heart in the mediastinum?
Inferior Middle
What is the contents of the superior mediastinum?
- Aortic arch and branches
- Brachiocephalic veins
- Trachea
- Oesophageus
- Thoracic duct
- Vagus & Phrenic nerves
What is the thoracic duct?
Largest lymphatic vessel; drains half the body into the left subclavian vein
Which nerves are in the superior mediastinum?
VagusPhrenic
Where are the boundaries of the anterior mediastinum?
Posterior to sternumAnterior to pericardium
What is the contents of the anterior mediastinum?
Fibrofatty connective tissue in adultsThymus gland in infantsLymph nodesSternopericardial ligamentsInternal thoracic vessels, branches and tributaries
What are sternopericardial ligaments?
Little collections of connective tissue
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic arteryLeft common carotid arteryLeft subclavian artery
What does the brachiocephalic artery immediately bifurcate into?
Right subclavianRight common carotid
Why is it important to learn about the structures in the anterior mediastinum?
When there are pathologies, you want to know what structures are at risk of infection
What is the contents of the middle mediastinum?
PericardiumHeartPhrenic nerveDeep cardiac plexusPulmonary vasculatureAdjoining great vessels
Where is the posterior mediastinum?
Behind the pericardium
What is the contents of the posterior mediastinum?
OesophageusVagi on oesophageusThoracic ductDescending thoracic aortaAzygosHemiazygos & accessory hemiazygos veinsLymph nodes
True or false? the oesophageus is always posterior to the airways?
True
What are ‘the airways’?
Bronchial tubes
