B2 Healthy Heart & Lungs Flashcards
What are the two types of the epithelia in the nose, trachea and bronchus?
Respiratory and Olfactory
What are the three types of respiratory epithelia?
Ciliated
Goblet
Basal
What is the olfactory epithelia?
Specialised olfactory cells with a type of neuron that has tentacle like projections to increase SA
True or false? Olfactory cells are replaced regularly?
True - they are regenerated by basal cells
True or false? The nose only has olfactory epithelia?
False- It also has respiratory epithelia
What type of epithelium is in the trachea and bronchi?
Ciliated
Goblet
Basal
Columnar
What does the majority of the alveolar surface comprise of?
Type I Pneumocytes (Squamous)
What does the air-blood interface comprise of?
Flattened cytoplasm of type I pneumocyte
Fused basal lamina
Flattened cytoplasm of capillary epithelial cell
Why is gas exchange efficient through the air blood interface?
Large SA:Vol
What is the second type of epithelial cell?
Type 2 Pneumocytes
What do type 2 pneumocytes do?
Secrete surfactant
What is the role of surfactant?
Makes SA for diffusion as large as possible
How does surfactant increase surface area?
Decreasing surface tension
What are the other components of alveoli?
Interstitial spaces with elastic fibres
Lymphoid cells
What is the histology of bronchioles?
More cuboidal epithelia with Clara cells replacing goblet cells
