B3 You are What You Eat Flashcards
List the fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Where does the fat in our diet come from?
Milk, milk products, cheese, cream, butter,
margarines, cooking oils,
lard, meat fats, eggs,
cereal grains, nuts, fat-rich fish and fruit (avocado), etc.
Other than vitamins, what are the essential things taken in with fat?
Omega 6
Omega 3
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid
What receptors do LDLs bind to on extrahepatic cells?
B-100
What receptors do HDLs bind to on extrahepatic cells?
ABC
True or false? Stomach ulcers can present no typical symptoms and cause no pain?
True
Where are ulcers common in the body?
Tongue
Stomach
Duodenum
What is the purpose of mucosa in the GI tract?
Protection against gastric acid secretions
Where is the antrum of the stomach?
between the body and pylorus
What is an alkaline tide?
The outflow of bicarbonate into the blood which results in an elevation of pH. This occurs in the process of acid secretion.
What is the arterial supply of the embryonic foregut?
Coeliac artery
What is the arterial supply of the embryonic midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
What is the arterial supply of the embryonic hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
What structures are derived from the embryonic foregut?
Pharynx, oesophageus, stomach, proximal duodenum
What structures are derived from the embryonic midgut?
Proximal duodenum to right half of transverse colon
What structures are derived from the embryonic hindgut?
Left half of transverse colon to anus
How many layers does the embryonic gut consist of?
2 - endoderm surrounded by mesoderm
How does HOX gene expression relate to embryonic development?
Important for formation of sphincters (pyloric, ileocecal and anal)
Why is there a colour change in the epithelium with gastric reflux?
The gastric epithelia move upwards
What can white colouring of the GI tract be indicative of?
Barrett’s disease
What is Barrett’s disease a precursor of?
Oesophageal cancer
What is the clinical reasoning for dividing the abdomen into 9 quadrants?
To estimate where anatomical structures should be and do compare them to where they actually are
Where would you find the stomach?
Left hypochondrium and left umbilical
How far is the gastro-oesophageal junction from incisors?
40 cm away
What is the clinical relevance of Merkel’s Diverticulum?
Can either have gastric or endometrial lining meaning that there can be bleeding
