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Phase I Medicine > Infectious Diseases (Clinical) > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases (Clinical) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common syndrome in sub-saharan Africa?

A

Systemic febrile illness

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2
Q

What is the most common syndrome in south central Asia?

A

Acute diarrhoea

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3
Q

What is the most common syndrome in South America and the Caribbean

A

Dermatological disorder

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4
Q

Where is Malaria most prevalent?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

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5
Q

Where is Dengue fever most prevalent?

A

South East Asia, Caribbean

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6
Q

Where is S. typhi/ parathyphi most prevalent?

A

South Central Asia

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7
Q

Where are Rickettsial diseases most prevalent?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

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8
Q

Which infections are associated with short incubation periods (<10 days)?

A 
COVID
Malaria (Falciparum)
Enteric bacteria
Pneumonia 
Dengue fever (+ other arbovirals)
Rickettsia
Viral haemorrhage fever
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9
Q

Which infections are associated with medium incubation periods (11-21 days)?

A 
COVID
Malaria (Falciparum)
Leptospirosis
Lyme disease
Rickettsia
Strongyloides
Typhoid
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10
Q

Which infections are associated with long incubation periods (>21 days)?

A 
Malaria (other species)
Amoebic liver abscess
Viral hepatitis
HIV
TB
Schistosomiasis
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11
Q

Give examples of malaria species that present after 21 days after going through their reproductive cycle in the liver

A

Vivax & ovale

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12
Q

What infectious disease differentials would you consider with jaundice?

A

Hepatitis, enteric fever, malaria

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13
Q

What infectious disease differentials would you consider with skin changes?

A

Schistosomiasis, arbovirus, rickettsial diseases

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14
Q

What infectious disease differentials would you consider with retinal/ conjunctival changes?

A

Haemorrhages (e.g. viral haemorrhage fever)

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15
Q

What infectious disease differentials would you consider with hepatosplenomegaly?

A

Malaria, dengue, enteric fever

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16
Q

What infectious disease differentials would you consider with eschars (ulcers with blackened centres)?

A

Rickettsial disease

17
Q

What infectious disease differentials would you consider with neurological sx?

A

Malaria, meninigitis, syphillis, TB

18
Q

What investigations would you add onto the standard ones in presentation of undifferentiated fever?

A

Blood gas
EBV/ CMV/ HIV serology
Malaria film x3
Swabs

19
Q

What infectious disease investigations would you consider with eosinophilia?

A

Stool x3 for ova, cysts + parasites
Terminal urine x3 for schistosome ova
Strongyloides, schistosome (filarial) serology

20
Q

What infectious disease investigations would you consider with diarrhoea?

A

Stool MCS (enteric pathogen panel)
Stool culture for ova, cysts and parasites
C diff screen

21
Q

What does high neutrophil count with no localising features suggest?

A

Septicaemia, leptospirosis

22
Q

What does high neutrophil count with localising features suggest?

A

Bacillary dysentery, tonsillitis

23
Q

Where neutrophils are normal or low, what may this suggest?

A

Malaria
Viral: dengue/ VHF/ acute HIV
Enteric fever
Rickettsia

24
Q

What does low platelet count suggest?

A 
Malaria
Enteric fever
Dengue
Sepsis
HIV seroconversion
Other viral infections
25
Q

True or false? Where platelet count is normal, malaria/ dengue fever are top differentials.

A

False

26
Q

What is the management of uncomplicated falciparum malaria?

A

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (e.g. artesunate-mefloquine)

27
Q

What is the management of dengue fever?

A

Supportive fluids, blood products

28
Q

What is the management of enteric fever?

A

Ceftriaxone + supportive care

Adjust based on response and sensitivities

29
Q

What is the management of legionella?

A

Erythromycin/ clarythromycin

30
Q

What is the common triad of blood derangement in legionella?

A

Lymphopenia, hyponatraemia, deranged LFTs

31
Q

What are characteristic signs of enteric fever?

A

Relative bradycardia, rose spots (on trunk of 30-40% of patients)

32
Q

What is the first line management of early Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

33
Q

What is the first line management of early Lyme disease in pregnancy?

A

Amoxicillin

34
Q

What is the management of disseminated Lyme disease?

A

Ceftriaxone

Phase I Medicine (46 decks)

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