Infectious Diseases (Clinical) Flashcards
What is the most common syndrome in sub-saharan Africa?
Systemic febrile illness
What is the most common syndrome in south central Asia?
Acute diarrhoea
What is the most common syndrome in South America and the Caribbean
Dermatological disorder
Where is Malaria most prevalent?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Where is Dengue fever most prevalent?
South East Asia, Caribbean
Where is S. typhi/ parathyphi most prevalent?
South Central Asia
Where are Rickettsial diseases most prevalent?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Which infections are associated with short incubation periods (<10 days)?
COVID Malaria (Falciparum) Enteric bacteria Pneumonia Dengue fever (+ other arbovirals) Rickettsia Viral haemorrhage fever
Which infections are associated with medium incubation periods (11-21 days)?
COVID Malaria (Falciparum) Leptospirosis Lyme disease Rickettsia Strongyloides Typhoid
Which infections are associated with long incubation periods (>21 days)?
Malaria (other species) Amoebic liver abscess Viral hepatitis HIV TB Schistosomiasis
Give examples of malaria species that present after 21 days after going through their reproductive cycle in the liver
Vivax & ovale
What infectious disease differentials would you consider with jaundice?
Hepatitis, enteric fever, malaria
What infectious disease differentials would you consider with skin changes?
Schistosomiasis, arbovirus, rickettsial diseases
What infectious disease differentials would you consider with retinal/ conjunctival changes?
Haemorrhages (e.g. viral haemorrhage fever)
What infectious disease differentials would you consider with hepatosplenomegaly?
Malaria, dengue, enteric fever
What infectious disease differentials would you consider with eschars (ulcers with blackened centres)?
Rickettsial disease
What infectious disease differentials would you consider with neurological sx?
Malaria, meninigitis, syphillis, TB
What investigations would you add onto the standard ones in presentation of undifferentiated fever?
Blood gas
EBV/ CMV/ HIV serology
Malaria film x3
Swabs
What infectious disease investigations would you consider with eosinophilia?
Stool x3 for ova, cysts + parasites
Terminal urine x3 for schistosome ova
Strongyloides, schistosome (filarial) serology
What infectious disease investigations would you consider with diarrhoea?
Stool MCS (enteric pathogen panel)
Stool culture for ova, cysts and parasites
C diff screen
What does high neutrophil count with no localising features suggest?
Septicaemia, leptospirosis
What does high neutrophil count with localising features suggest?
Bacillary dysentery, tonsillitis
Where neutrophils are normal or low, what may this suggest?
Malaria
Viral: dengue/ VHF/ acute HIV
Enteric fever
Rickettsia
What does low platelet count suggest?
Malaria Enteric fever Dengue Sepsis HIV seroconversion Other viral infections
True or false? Where platelet count is normal, malaria/ dengue fever are top differentials.
False
What is the management of uncomplicated falciparum malaria?
Artemisinin-based combination therapy (e.g. artesunate-mefloquine)
What is the management of dengue fever?
Supportive fluids, blood products
What is the management of enteric fever?
Ceftriaxone + supportive care
Adjust based on response and sensitivities
What is the management of legionella?
Erythromycin/ clarythromycin
What is the common triad of blood derangement in legionella?
Lymphopenia, hyponatraemia, deranged LFTs
What are characteristic signs of enteric fever?
Relative bradycardia, rose spots (on trunk of 30-40% of patients)
What is the first line management of early Lyme disease?
Doxycycline
What is the first line management of early Lyme disease in pregnancy?
Amoxicillin
What is the management of disseminated Lyme disease?
Ceftriaxone
