B3 Digestion and Absorption Flashcards
How much energy is derived from protein?
40%
What is the first macromolecule metabolised?
Protein
What is the last macromolecule metabolised?
Fat
What are essential amino acids?
Those that cannot be synthesised in the body
How are essential amino acids provided for the body?
Through the diet
What are non-essential amino acids?
Those that can be synthesised in the body
How are non-essential amino acids made in the body?
From common metabolic intermediates via transanimation
What are semi-essential amino acids?
Amino acids that become essential under conditions of metabolic stress or trauma
Why is glutamine important?
Used to make purines and pyrimidines in DNA synthesis
What are essential precursor amino acids?
Amino acids that can be made provided that there are enough of other amino acids
What are the two essential precursor amino acids?
Cysteine and tyrosine
What amino acid is important in surgical trauma and sepsis?
Glutamine
What amino acid is relevant at times of high protein intake
Arginine
What amino acid is important at times of high growth?
Arginine
What amino acid is present with high intakes of some xenobiotics?
Glycine
What amino acid is present in severe trauma?
Proline
Why is proline important in severe trauma?
It’s required for collagen synthesis
How are high concentrations of glycine gotten rid of?
Excreted as glycine conjugates
What macromolecule would you expect to see a decrease in after trauma?
Protein
What is amino acid metabolism closely related to?
Carbohydrate and fat metabolism
What does amino acid breakdown give rise to?
Intermediates of carbohydrate and fat metabolism
What are amino acids without their amino groups known as?
Carbon skeletons
Where do amino acids travel to from the small intestine?
Portal vein
What is an acceptor in amino acid metabolism?
A different keto-acid that takes the amino acid group from the transanimase enzyme