B5 CNS: Anatomy of the Sensory Nervous System

Question 1

What are the functions of the sensory nervous system?

Answer 1

Collecting information (stimuli) from internal and external environment
Integrating, interpreting and assessing collected information

Question 2

Which spinal cord root is purely sensory?

Answer 2

Dorsal

Question 3

What is a ramus in relation to the CNS?

Answer 3

The branching of a spinal nerve after the anterior and posterior roots have combined to form a single nerve

Question 4

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 4

L1-L2

Question 5

What does the spinal cord taper off into?

Answer 5

Cornus

Question 6

What structure is responsible for the tapering of the terminal portion of filum?

Answer 6

Pia mater

Question 7

Where is the white matter on the spinal cord?

Answer 7

Outside region

Question 8

Is the vagus nerve a cranial nerve?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What is the point of plexuses?

Answer 9

To redistribute nerves more efficiently

Question 10

Give an example of a plexus?

Answer 10

C3-C5 (Phrenic nerve)

Brachioplexus- plexus from neck

Question 11

What is a myotome?

Answer 11

Section of muscle innervated by a spinal nerve

Question 12

What is a dermotome?

Answer 12

Section of skin innervated by a spinal nerve

Question 13

With reference to the CNS, what are synonyms for ‘sensory’?

Answer 13

Afferent

Ascending

Question 14

What is the difference between a fasiculus and a lemniscus?

Answer 14

Nothing

Question 15

What is the difference between a lemniscus and a peduncle?

Answer 15

Nothing

Question 16

What are synonyms for ‘tract’?

Answer 16

Fasiculus
Lemniscus
Peduncle

Question 17

What are tracts?

Answer 17

Bundles of axons

Question 18

Between white matter and grey matter, where would you expect to find tracts?

Answer 18

White matter

Question 19

What are ganglia?

Answer 19

Collections of cell bodies

Question 20

What is the difference between a bipolar and unipolar neuron?

Answer 20

Bipolar - Two axons off of the cell body

Unipolar- One axon attached to a cell body/ One axon that splits into two off the cell body

Question 21

Where would you find the majority of pyramidal neurons?

Answer 21

CNS

Question 22

What are the most medial fibres of the dorsal column?

Answer 22

Gracile nucleus

Question 23

What are the most lateral fibres of the dorsal column?

Answer 23

Cuneate nucleus

Question 24

Of the nuclei in the dorsal column, which one is responsible for innervating the lower limbs?

Answer 24

Gracile

Question 25

What are the lateral spinothalamic pathways responsible for?

Answer 25

Pain & Temperature

Question 26

What are the anterior spinothalamic pathways responsible for?

Answer 26

Crude touch

Question 27

What tracts are responsible for unconscious perception?

Answer 27

Spinocerebellar

Question 28

Which tracts are responsible for conscious perception?

Answer 28

Spinothalamic | Dorsal column- medial lemniscus

Question 29

What lobe of the brain is most concerned with vision?

Answer 29

Occipital

Question 30

How many sagittal zones does the cerebellum have?

Answer 30

3

Question 31

How many lobes does the cerebellum have?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

What are the most anterior bits of the cerebellum?

Answer 32

Flocculus and nodules

Question 33

What are the little bumps on the cerebellum called?

Answer 33

Folia

Question 34

How many deep cerebellar nuclei are there?

Answer 34

4

Question 35

From most lateral to most medial, what is the order of the deep cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 35

DGEF

Question 36

What are the two nuclei between the dentate and fastigal nuclei collectively known as?

Answer 36

Interpose nuclei

Question 37

How is the body mapped on the cerebellar hemispheres?

Answer 37

Ipsilaterally

Question 38

If a patient were to come in with right sided cerebellar problems, which side of their body would be affected?

Answer 38

Right

Question 39

What roles does the cerebellum have?

Answer 39

Unconscious proprioception Constant feedback and improvement of movement Balance

Question 40

What motor pathway can the cerebellum bypass?

Answer 40

Corticospinal

Question 41

What nuclei are responsible for the cerebellum being able to bypass a descending pathway?

Answer 41

Tranverse nuclei of pons

Question 42

Where are sympathetic neurones always found?

Answer 42

Craniosacrally

Question 43

Where are parasympathetic neurones always found?

Answer 43

Thoracolumbarly

Question 44

What are splanchnic nerves?

Answer 44

Nerves that act parasympathetic.

Question 45

What are the properties of thoracic splanchnic nerves?

Answer 45

Pre-gangionic | Tend to run to the gut

Question 46

Where do the great splanchnic nerves run from?

Answer 46

T5-T9

Question 47

Where do the lesser splanchnic nerves run from?

Answer 47

T10-T11

Question 48

Where do the least splanchnic nerves run from?

Answer 48

T12

Question 49

What are the properties of sympathetic nerves?

Answer 49

Thoracolumbar Paravertebral + Prevertebral ganglia Relatively long

Question 50

What are the properties of parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 50

Craniosacral Terminal Ganglia Relatively short

Question 51

How much longer are the sympathetic post ganglionic neurones in comparison to the pre ganglionic neurones?

Answer 51

17 times longer

Question 52

How much longer are the parasympathetic post ganglionic neurones in comparison to the pre ganglionic neurones?

Answer 52

Twice as long

Question 53

What does the sympathetic nervous system innervate?

Answer 53

Virtually everything

Question 54

What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

Answer 54

Mainly visceral organs

Question 55

What structures in the nervous system are responsible for mediating reflexes?

Answer 55

Spinal cord | Brainstem medullary centres

Question 56

List examples of polysynaptic visceral reflexes?

Answer 56

Gastric and Intestinal Swallowing

Question 57

What is the autonomic innervation of the bladder?

Answer 57

Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic supply | Sympathetic supply to parasympathetic endings turns off parasympathetics

Question 58

What controls whether sympathetic presynaptic ganglions inhibit parasympathetic endings?

Answer 58

Urination centre in pons