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Yr 2 EOYS > MET2 Histology Qs (Kidney; liver; endocrine) > Flashcards

MET2 Histology Qs (Kidney; liver; endocrine) Flashcards

1
Q

Label A-C

A
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2
Q

What is the cell structure like of bile ducts?

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Stratified columnar

A

What is the cell structure like of bile ducts?

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Stratified columnar

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3
Q

Label A-C

A
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4
Q

Sinusoids have:

continuous endothelium
discontinuous endothelium
fenestrated endothelium

A

Sinusoids have:

continuous endothelium
discontinuous endothelium
fenestrated endothelium

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5
Q

Label A-C of liver histology

A

.

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6
Q
A
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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Canaliculi are joined by which type of junctions between adjacent hepatocytes?

Gap junctions
Desmosomes
Fascia Adherens
Tight junctions

A

Canaliculi are joined by which type of junctions between adjacent hepatocytes?

Gap junctions
Desmosomes
Fascia Adherens
Tight junctions

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9
Q

Label A&B

A
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10
Q

Which pathology is depicted here?

Cholecystitis
Cholestasis
Steatosis
Cirrhosis

A

Which pathology is depicted here?

Cholecystitis
Cholestasis
Steatosis
Cirrhosis

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11
Q

Label these parts of the pituitary gland

A

A: hypothalamus
B: pituitary stalk
C: posterior pitiutary
D: anterior pituitary

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12
Q

Which one of these is AP and PP? [2]

A
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13
Q

Which part is AP and PP? [2]

A
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14
Q

AP

A

X

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15
Q

Label these cells of anterior pit [3]

A

.

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16
Q

Which AP cells are which on the masson trichrome? [2]

A
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17
Q

Posterior Pit:

A
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18
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

:)

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19
Q

Label A of PP

A

Herring Bodies

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20
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the adrenal cortex? [3]

A
  • Glomerulosa (near capsule)
  • Fasiculata
  • Reticularis (near medulla)
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21
Q
A
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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Which adrenal cortex zone is this? [1]
What does it secrete? [1]

A

Zona fasciculata (tell by the lipid nature)
Secretes: glucorticoids such as cortisol

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24
Q

Which adrenal cortex zone is this? [1]
What does it secrete? [1]

A

Zona reticularis (dark staining)
secretes sex hormones: oestrogen and testosterone

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25
Q

Which adrenal cortex zone is this? [1]
What does it secrete? [1]

A

Zona glomerulosa: aldosterone

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26
Q

Label A-C

A

A: zona glomerulosa
B: zona reticularis
C: zona fasciculata

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27
Q

Label A

A

Central vein

28
Q
A
29
Q

What is pheochromocytoma?
Name 3 symptoms

A
  • Grows from the chromaffin cells
  • Most are benign only about 10% metastasise
    to other parts of the body
  • Very rare (8 people per 1 million) * Classic triad of episodic (in around 30%)
  • Headaches
  • Sweating
  • Tachycardia
    due to increased adrenaline release
  • Fine granular cytoplasm can be deeply basophilic
  • Granules are filled with catecholamines
  • Nuclei round or oval with one or more nucleoli
30
Q
A
31
Q

Label A1 and A2 B C

A

A1: Follicles
A2: colloid (and a central mass of follicles)
B: Follicular epithelial cells
C: LCT

32
Q

FYI

A

Normal Thyroid on left
Graves on right: Clear vacuoles in colloid next to epithelium where increased activity of epithelium has used colloid to make thyroid hormone

33
Q

Explain characterisitcs of Hashimoto thyroidosis

A
  • Autoimmune disease of T
  • Causes hypothyrodism due to destruction of TSH receptor
  • Lympocyte infiltration occurs
34
Q

What are two types of cells in parathyroid gland? [2]
What are their functions? [2]
How can you tell apart

A

What are two types of cells in parathyroid gland? [2]
Oxyphil cells function unknown, large, fewer, small acidophilic cytoplasm with many mito

Chief cells: produce PTH, prominent central nuclei surroundered by pale cytoplasm

35
Q
A

A: chief cells
B: oxyphil cells

36
Q
A
37
Q
A

Identify the clusters of chief cells (CC), which secrete PTH. Also, identify oxyphil cells (OC), which are larger and paler staining than the chief cells.

38
Q

Where do you find alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells in islet of Langerhans?

A

Alpha: periperhy
Beta: Centre
Delta: scattered

39
Q

Which of the following is the PCT?

A
B
C
D
E

A

Which of the following is the PCT?

A
B
C
D
E

40
Q

Which of the following is the mesengial cell?

A
B
C
D
E

A

Which of the following is the PCT?

A
B
C
D
E

41
Q

Which of the following is the podocyte?

A
B
C
D
E

A

Which of the following is the podocyte?

A
B
C
D
E

42
Q

Which of the following is the bowmans space?

A
B
C
D
E

A

Which of the following is the bowmans space?

A
B
C
D
E

43
Q

Label A-E of renal corpsucle

A

A: podocyte
B: Bowmans space
C: Foot process (of podocytes)
D: basement membrane
E: endothelial cell

44
Q

Describe the structure of the podocyte foot processes [2]

A

Podocytes extend processes that surround the capillaries

These processes form secondary processes called foot processes

45
Q

How are PCT cells specialised to have increased absorbtion? [1]

How can you tell PCT cells are PCT cells? [1]

A

Apical brush border

Large, deeply eosinophilic and some do not have nuclei visible

46
Q

Label A-C

A

A: PCT
B: thin limb
C: thick ascending

47
Q

How do you distinguish cells from LoH compared to PCT cells?

A

Question will say is from medulla of kidney

PCT: has brush border and smaller diameter

LoH: no brush border and much bigger diameter. cuboidal cell

48
Q

How do you distinguish cells from the DCT? [3]

A
  • smaller more lightly stained c.f. PCT
  • more nuclei can be seen
  • lack of brush border
  • (less of them because DCT is smaller section of nephron)
49
Q

Label A&B

A

A: PCT
B: DCT

50
Q

Label A&B

A

A: DCT
B: PCT

51
Q

Label A-C

A

A: PCT
B: mesengial cells
C: DCT

52
Q

Which of the following are PCT and DCT?

A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q

Label A&B

A

A: DCT
B: PCT

57
Q

Describe the different layers of the ureter [3]

A
  • an inner longitudinal layer smooth muscle
  • an outer circular layer of smooth muscle
  • lumen of the ureter is covered by transitional epithelium
58
Q

Describe the different layers of the bladder [2]

A
  • transitional epithelium
  • disordered smooth muscle below
59
Q

Urethra:

Both male and female lined with [] which becomes [] at the terminal portion

A

Both male and female lined with transitional epithelium which becomes stratified squamous at the terminal portion

60
Q

Describe pathophysiology of minimal change disease

A

Glomerulus appears norma under light microscopel but under electron microscope: loss of foot processes of the podocytes and glomerular filtration barrier

Loss of albumin: causes peripheral oedema, pitting oedema, puffy face and overall unwell

61
Q

Describe pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy

A
  • Linked to high glucose
  • Caused by thickening of basement membrane and matrix: causes stretching of podocytes and endothelial cells
  • this creates Kimmelstiel–Wilson nodules
  • creates micro-aneursyms: more likely to get blood plasma and albumin in the filtrate
  • finally causes lipohyaline cap deposits and hyalinosis of afferent and efferent arterioles
62
Q

Describe pathophysiology of Glomerulonephritis

A
  • Membranous glomerulonephritis characterised by thickening of glomerular basement membrane due to presence of subepithelial immune deposits
  • caused by autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and production of self antigen antibodies beind deposited in the kidney:
  • The deposition of the immune complex at the glomerular membrane is responsible for the inflammatory reaction at the glomerulus
63
Q
A

Transitional

64
Q
A

Smooth muscle. Contracts to expel urine from the bladder. Smooth muscle layers are arranged in multiple directions in the bladder whereas the layers in the ureter have more defined orientations.

65
Q
A

Smooth muscle. Contracts to expel urine from the bladder. Smooth muscle layers are arranged in multiple directions in the bladder whereas the layers in the ureter have more defined orientations.

66
Q
A

PCT

67
Q
A

PCT

Yr 2 EOYS (58 decks)

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